This research of pragmatic study is the politeness inside ketoprak script. In this pragmatic study the researcher aims to identify language politeness in ketoprak script Kembang Katresnan by Bondan Nusantara and the relevancy as javanes material teaching in senior high school. This research is deskriptif kualitatif research. The data obtained with data document analyse and interview. Validity of data using source triangulation and theory triangulation. The result from this research is find speech in ketoprak script Kembang Katrensna by Bondan Nusantara according to musly in language politeness with Chaer (2010: 11).  Script can changed according to the level of leangunge of variety Javanes to class XII Senior High School level according to KD 3.1 is to identify, understand, and analyse of oral language using in all situasion according to the manners.

This study aims to reveal: (1) the morphophonemic process that occurs due to the morphological process in the short story Prodhuser Peteng by Oyos; (2) phonemes that undergo morphophonemic processes in the short story Prodhuser Peteng by Oyos. The type of research used in this study is qualitative descriptive research. The subject of this study is the short story Prodhuser Peteng by Oyos while the object of research used is the form of words that undergo morphophonemic processes. The main instrument in this study is the researcher himself who is supported by reference books as references. Data collection techniques use markup reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique in this study is a descriptive technique. The data presentation technique used in this study is an informal method. The results of this study indicate, (1) the morphophonemic process that occurs due to the morphological process is divided into three, namely the addition of phonemes, changes in phonemes, and removal of phonemes; (2) phonemes that undergo morphophonemic processes include the phonemes /a/, /b/, /c/, /d/, /dh/, /e/, /g/, /j/, /k/, /l/, /o/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /t/, /u/ and /w/.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya kesulitan-kesulitan pembaca dalam memahami isi Serat Wedhatama pupuh Kinanthi. Maka perlu ada guna melakukan upaya dalam penyelesaian permasalahan itu. Salah satunya dengan cara mengidentifikasi gaya bahasa dalam serat tersebut. Guna mengetahui serta membuat deskripsi mengenai gaya bahasa (gaya kata, gaya bunyi, gaya kalimat, dan permajasan) dalam Serat Wedhatama pupuh Kinanthi ialah tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian. Deskriptif kualitatif yang menggunakan metode analisis isi dengan pendekatan stilistika ialah bentuk dari penelitian yang dijalankan. Dokumen berupa Serat Wedhatama pupuh Kinanthi karya Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunegara IV yang sudah ditulis ulang menjadi sebuah buku oleh Ki Sabdacarakatama yang diterbitkan tahun 2010 yakni objek yang dipakai dalam penelitian. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini yakni bentuk-bentuk penerapan gaya bahasa dalam Serat Wedhatama pupuh Kinanthi yang meliputi penggunaan; (1) gaya kata (afiksasi arkhais, tembung garba, tembung plutan, tembung kawi, tembung baliswara, tembung saroja, dasanama dan tembung entar)., (2) Gaya bunyi yang ditemukan berupa: purwakanthi guru swara, purwakanthi guru sastra, beserta purwakanthi lumaksita., (3) Gaya kalimat yang diterapkan berupa klimaks, antiklimaks, paralelisme, serta repetisi., (4) Majas simile, personifikasi, hiperbola, ironi dan sarkasme merupakan permajasan yang ditemukan dalam penelitian.

Conflict is a special attraction for readers of literary works. Moreover, the conflict experienced by the character. Therefore, an in-depth analysis is needed to find out the inner conflicts contained in a literary work. Novels are a type of literary work that tells the story of people's lives where the conditions for the conflicts of the characters. The purpose of this study is to describe the inner conflict of the character Karsana in the novel Tabon by Margareth Widhy Pratiwi. This research is in the form of a qualitative descriptive using a literary psychology approach. The data of this study are quotes and dialogues contained in the novel Tabon by Margareth Widhy Pratiwi. The sources of data of this study are documents. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques used are document analysis. The validity test techniques used are theoretical triangulation and source triangulation. Data analysis techniques use interactive analysis techniques. The research procedure includes three stages, namely the preparatory stage, the research implementation stage, and the presentation stage of the research results.  The result of this study is that Karsana figures experience id dominance so that the personality structure in Karsana's character is an unbalanced personality.

The purpose of this study is to describe (1) the story that underlies the birth of the Ruwatan murwakala customs; (2) semiotic analysis in the text of the ruwat Murwakala mantra; and (3) how the relevance of ruwat murwakala mantra as a teaching material of Javanese poetry in Senior High School. The research is the descriptive qualitative research using oral literary approach. The data of this research was written data which was mantra ruwat murwakala texs. Sources of data used are informants, document of the ruwatan murwakala story places, and events. Sampling technique used is purposive sampling and simple random sampling. Technique of collecting data used is technique of record, recording, interview, observation, and document analysis. Data validity is obtained through theory trianguation and source triangulation. The data analysis technique was interactive analysis. The research procedure were arrangement, implementation, and report composing. Based on this research it can be concluded: (1) the story that underlies the birth of ruwatan murwakala custom originated from the habit of the Javanese who often connect an event with other events that are considered as an impact of an event. Therefore, the Javanese society has a variety of assumptions that became the basis of a ritual to avoid by mistakes that have been made, the ceremony or ritual was then called the term ruwatan. The category of people which have to be ruwat is the bocah sukêrta. The ruwatan ceremony was led by a dhalang ruwat who was also in charge of performing leather puppets with murwakala plays; (2) the semiotic analysis performed on spells is an analysis of icons, indices, and symbols. it was Found seven mantras containing icons, while nine spells do not contain icons. it is Found fourteen mantras containing the index, while the two spells do not contain the index. it is Found two mantras containing symbols, while fourteen mantras do not contain symbols; (3) The mantra text taken from mantra ruwat murwakal can be used as learning material of Javanese language in SMA. The feasibility of mantra ruwat murwakala is used as teaching material because it is in accordance with the basic competency in Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP). In addition, the text of the mantra ruwat murwakala is written using the ancient Javanese language and the middle Java language, so it will add the vocabulary of the Java language owned by the students.

Directive speech acts are one of the parts studied in pragmatics which discusses how an utterance gives influence to others. Based on that, this research aims to explain the form and function of directive speech acts in Unggah-Ungguh short movie. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with pragmatic approach. The data of this research are phrases, and sentences in the short movie Unggah-Ungguh. The data were collected using document analysis technique. The sequence of this research is preparation, data collection, and compilation. This research found the use of six types of directive speech acts, namely 1) Requestives with the function of begging, asking, praying, inviting. 2) Questions with the function of asking. 3) Requirements with the functions of ordering, directing, commanding, and expecting. 4) Prohibitives with the function of prohibiting. 5) Permission with the functions of allowing, permitting, and approving. 6) Advice with the functions of advising, admonishing, and proposing.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gaya kepemimpinan astha brata pada tokoh utama dalam novel Rangsang Tuban karya Padmasusastra. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua jenis yaitu dokumen dan informan. Sumber data jenis dokumen terdiri dari novel Rangsang Tuban karya Padmasusastra, jurnal, dan buku referensi. Adapun sumber data jenis informan adalah ahli sastra. Data yang dikaji berupa frasa, klausa, dan kalimat pada novel Rangsang Tuban karya Padmasusastra. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah analisis dokumen. Uji validitas data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi data dan triangulasi teori. Uji validitas data yang digunakan adalah model analisis interaktif (interactive model of analysis) yang meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah analisis gaya kepemimpinan pada delapan ajaran astha brata yaitu laku hambeging candra, laku hambeging dahana, laku hambeging kartika, laku hambeging kisma, laku hambeging samirana, laku hambeging samodra, laku hambeging surya, laku hambeging tirta.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan frasa nominal yang menunjukkan penokohan Dilan dalam novel Dia adalah Dilanku 1990. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sintaksis dan semantik. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah kalimat yang mengandung kata referensi dan frasa nominal yang mempresentasikan karakterisasi Dilan pada novel Dilan seri Dia adalah Dilanku 1990 karya Pidi Baiq. Metode catat dan baca dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kata referensi demonstratif penunjuk umum dan pronominal personal orang ketiga untuk mejuruk tokoh Dilan. Jenis frasa yang digunakan dalam novel ini berupa frasa nominal endosentris atributif, endosentris koordinatif, dan eksosentris.

The Top Gun: Maverick is an action movie that was released in 2022 and directed by Joseph Kosinski. This movie tells the story of Pete “Maverick” Mitchell, performing ground-breaking stunts as a daring test pilot, and turning down every opportunity to get promoted because it would prevent him from flying his plane. Since this is an action movie and the set is about US Navy, many characters use imperatif sentences includes command, request, warning, and invitation. This research aims to explain the form and the function of imperatif sentences in the Top Gun: Maverick (2022) movie. The data research was taken from its subtitle and using observing method to analyzes it. The researcher use Aarts and Aarts (1982) theory to analyze the form and the function of imperatif sentences from the movie. The result is imperatif sentences with form of prepositional verb phase with function of command as its dominant data.

In the 21st century, China’s developing international stature has sparked increased global interest in its governance principles and practices. This has necessitated the effective translation of Chinese political literature to facilitate cross-cultural understanding. This study aims to explore the translation strategies of Chinese political discourse, focusing on the series of Understanding Contemporary China through the lens of Edward T. Hall’s high-low context culture theory. The research takes a qualitative approach, employing contrastive analysis methodology. It investigates a total of 98 Chinese expressions characterized by Chinese rich cultural connotations, drawn from the selected series. The foreignization strategy seeks to preserve the cultural integrity of the source language through literal translation supplemented by explanatory annotations. In contrast, domestication reinterprets the original expressions to align with the cultural norms of the target language, employing free translation and semantic adaptation. This study enhances our comprehension of translation dynamics between high-context and low-context cultures, while simultaneously providing critical perspectives on the international propagation of Chinese political philosophy. In doing so, it fosters more effective intercultural dialogue and contributes to the reduction of cross-cultural misinterpretations.

Standarisasi bahasa merupakan prosesyang penting dalam menjaga konsistensi dan efektivitas komunikasi di antara individu-individu yang menggunakan bahasa yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dampakstandarisasi bahasa dalam berbagai aspek kehidupanmasyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputianalisis teks dan studi kasus. Analisis teks digunakan untukmemahami bagaimana standarisasi bahasa memengaruhi gayapenulisan dan komunikasi tertulis. Studi kasus dilakukanuntuk menginvestigasi dampak standarisasi bahasa dalamkonteks yang lebih terperinci, termasuk pendidikan, budaya, dan ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwastandarisasi bahasa memiliki dampak positif dalammeningkatkan efisiensi komunikasi, memfasilitasi pendidikan, memperkuat identitas budaya,dan memungkinkan partisipasidalam ekonomi global. Namun, terdapat juga dampak negatifseperti pengurangan keragaman linguistik dan potensi konflikbudaya. Penelitian ini menyajikan pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang pentingnya standarisasi bahasa dalammendukung komunikasi efektif dan memfasilitasipembangunan masyarakat yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan.

This study shows the fact that children have the ability to produce complete speech at the age of under 6 years. The development of pragmatic competence is seen using the theory of Horn and Ward (2006), which consists of eight components. The research subjects were siblings ranging in age from 3 to 5 years who were well known (viral) through a video of which they were proficient in reciting selawat. The data taken is in the form of video recordings of the two children with the title "Q&A Game" with their father and uncle which were posted around May and July 2019. The results show that Qeisya's pragmatic competence from the age of 3 - 4 years is good, except for the Taking Turns aspect and Convention and Contrast (C&C) which is still failing, while Aisywa's pragmatic competence from the age of 4-5 years is good in all aspects. The politeness aspect has not been found in the two subjects studied.

Through the prism of X-Bar theory, this research explores the complex world of Arabic nounphrases, contrasting and comparing their syntactic patterns with those of the English language. A keycomponent of linguistic study is the examination of noun phrases since it reveals the structuraldifferences and similarities between Arabic and English, two linguistically dissimilar languages. Themain goal of this research is to analyse how the distinctive structural characteristics of Arabic nounphrases differ from those of their English counterparts while taking into account the X-Bar theoryframework. Using a comparative methodology, this research examines the distinctive characteristics ofArabic noun phrases interact with the X-Bar theory. It also explores the consequences of these syntacticdifferences. This study sheds light on the syntactic examination of Arabic noun phrases within theframework of X-Bar theory. It also highlights the distinctions and similarities between Arabic andEnglish noun phrases. The fields of syntax, language typology, and linguistic variety will benefit greatlyfrom the study's conclusions.

This study aims to analyse directive speech acts found in the comic Kisah Petualangan Kyai Sadrach. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a pragmatic perspective. The data source of this study is the dialogue between characters in the comic Kisah Petualangan Kyai Sadrach. The data consist of utterances containing directive speech acts collected through reading and note-taking techniques. The analysis is based on the classification of directive speech acts proposed by Searle and Vanderveken (1989). The results show that there are 55 directive utterances classified into 10 types of directive speech acts, namely requesting, asking, commanding, prohibiting, suggesting, ordering, warning, advising, praying, and pleading. Among these types, asking is the most dominant directive speech act with a percentage of 52,7%, indicating that the characters frequently use questions to obtain information and clarify situations within the narrative. The variety of directive speech acts demonstrates how the characters use language to influence the actions of other characters and develop interactions within the storyline.

The aim of this descriptive qualitative research is to compare the gender bias in the translation of Indonesian job names to English and German. This research was located in internet-based translation machine Google Translate. The examined data within are 22 Indonesian job names with its varied field. The samples are original job names in Indonesia, not the borrowed names from other languages and the ones with little potential of gender gap. This research is based on case study. With this method, researcher does translation of this data, but only ones in form of single nouns and nominal phrases. After that, English and German dictionaries were utilized to clarify, whether the results are classified as masculine, feminine or neutral. Human instrument is used with its capability and knowledge in gender classification of English and German job names. The outcome of this research reveal that in translation into English, the amount of masculine nouns emerge as the dominant or 13. The feminine nouns show up merely one. The number of the neutral one stands in between. The total is eight. This situation turns up as opposite in German. The neutral substantive can't be found. There are only 19 of masculine and three of feminine.Keywords: gender bias, google translate, job, translation

This research focuses on the development of a question-answering intelligent agent for specialized domains based on a knowledge graph, using the field of English linguistics as an example. English linguistics encompasses a vast array of conceptual terminology and a complex knowledge structure that often lacks sufficient concrete language examples for illustration. Traditional information retrieval methods fall short in meeting the advanced demands of semantic comprehension and knowledge inference required in linguistics education. To address these challenges, this study employs Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) technology to design and implement an intelligent agent on the Wenxin Agent Platform. This agent integrates large language models with structured knowledge graphs to enhance the performance of real-time question-answering. The knowledge graph functions as a structured repository that organizes domain-specific linguistic knowledge, thereby expanding the agent's knowledge reserve and enabling more precise responses that facilitate students' systematic understanding of linguistic concepts. Evaluation results indicate that the proposed agent surpasses general-purpose models in response accuracy and professionalism, depth and logical coherence, and explanatory transparency, while effectively addressing hallucination issues common in conventional large language models. The system demonstrates enhanced domain adaptability and improved reasoning performance within linguistic contexts.

Abstract:  The use of woman language against the background of K-POP fans, especially the boy group BTS, is very interesting to discuss. This research focuses on analyzing the features of woman language used by BTS fans called ARMY in whatsaap group chat Butter ARMY of Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method by applying a sociolinguistic approach that focuses on the use of woman language features in whatsapp group chat Butter ARMY of Indonesia. The data collection technique was carried out using the technique of listening and recording through orthographic transcription. This research uses a method as a pragmatic commensurate data analysis with the determining tool is the speech partner itself based on the speaker's language. The basic technique applied is the sorting of determining elements (PUP). Based on the results of the study, it was found that the use of Women's Language features in the whatsaap group chat Butter ARMY of Indonesia was 70 data where the use of Question tag features was more dominant as many as 19 and the use of Rising Intonation on Declaration was the least used which was only 1 data.

Abstract: This research aims to describe the code choide of female santri in the religiosity domain.  This  research was conducted at Assalaam Islamic Modern Boarding School and Islam Al-Mukmin Boarding School of Ngruki, Sukoharjo Regency. Its data were speech between female santri and female santri, speech between female santri and female teachers (ustazah)/male teachers (ustaz) in the religiosity domains. They were collected through observation, recording, listening, note-taking, and in-depth interview. The result of the research find out that there was a tendency that Indonesian code was chosen as the main media of communication while the other speech codes were used for interethnic communication. In religiosity domain, the codes used were Indonesian, code switching from Indonesian to Arabic, and English. Indonesiaan is the most code used by people in the religiosity domain.Keywords: code choice, santri, religiosity domain.Abstrak: Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pilihan kode santri wanita dalam ranah keagaman. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di Pesantren Modern Islam Assalaam dan Pesantren Islam Al-Mukmin Ngruki di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Data yang terkumpul dalam penelitian ini merupakan tuturan santri dan santri, santri dan ustazah/ustaz dalam domain keagamaan di lingkungan Pesantren Modern Islam Assalaam dan Pesantren Islam Al-Mukmin Ngruki. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu teknik observasi, rekam, simak, catat, dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ranah keagamaan ditemukan pola pilihan kode yaitu bahasa Indonesia (BI), alih kode dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Arab, bahasa Inggris. Kode tutur yang paling sering digunakan dalam ranah keagamaan yaitu bahasa Indonesia.Kata kunci: pilihan kode, santri, ranah keagamaan.

This study aims to look for the social factors influencing language changes in bergaining second-hand cellphones on Facebook groups in Solo Raya. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using note-taking technique as the data collection technique. The research source is located in a Facebook group when bergaining activities for second hand cellphones in Solo Raya happened. The source of data and data in this study used purposive sampling technique. This group was chosen as the data source because it is a platform for people to gather with others in various social backgrounds. Therefore, these people have a special language that is used in bergaining activities that influences language in terms of form and meaning. The results of this study indicate that the language used in bergaining second-hand cellphone activities on this facebook group is influenced by three factors, namely: (1) education level, (2) age factors, (3) social class. The level education factors influences the spelling of a word because people tend to make it easier to write the foreign words. Besides, the age factors influences the shift of word meaning. Meanwhile, the social class factors make them using krama inggil and madya language to show honor and respect other members.

This study presents a comprehensive syntactic analysis of tense phrases within the framework of X-bar theory applied to recount texts. Utilizing a corpus of diverse recount narratives, we employ a generative approach to scrutinize the hierarchical structure and syntactic relationships governing tense constituents. Our investigation reveals intricate patterns of tense phrase formation, shedding light on the underlying syntactic mechanisms that govern temporal information encoding. Through a meticulous examination of tense-related features, we uncover the nuanced interplay between functional projections and lexical elements, offering insights into the syntactic complexities of recount narratives. Furthermore, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of tense phrase structures, providing a foundation for future explorations in syntactic analysis. The findings herein not only advance our comprehension of temporal representation in language but also underscore the significance of X-bar theory in elucidating intricate syntactic phenomena.