Penelitian ini dilandasi oleh fenomena munculnya variasi bahasa yang terjadi dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pada bahasa cangkrukan di angkringan. Komunikasi yang terjadi pada angkringan antar pengunjung dan penjual menimbulkan variasi bahasa. Hal ini mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk variasi bahasa yang muncul dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Untuk mengungkap permasalahan tersebut dengan menggunakan pendekatan Sosiolinguistik, dengan tetap melihat fenomena yang terjadi di angkringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatitf. Data penelitian adalah tuturan yang diambil dari dua angkringan di Kota Semarang yaitu angkringan Givan dan angkringan Pak Wandi. Data dikumpulkan melalui hasil observasi langsung, dengan menggunakan metode simak  yang meliputi teknik simak bebas libat cakap dan teknik sadap yang disertai dengan teknik rekam dan catat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan munculnya bentuk-bentuk variasi bahasa berupa Campur kode, Interferensi, Abreviasi dan Analogi. Faktor yang mempengaruhi munculnya variasi bahasa yaitu faktor lingkungan, faktor usia dan faktor kepraktisan dalam komunikasi.

This research aims to understand and describe the phenomenon of repetition in six popular songs by Denny Caknan. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method, using content analysis and a discourse analysis approach referring to Sumarlam (2024). The data were collected through listening and note-taking techniques from the lyrics of Denny Caknan's songs, specifically from his YouTube channel, DC Musik. The songs analyzed include "Kartonyono Medot Janji," "Sugeng Dalu," "Los Dol," "Angel," "Satru," and "Kalih Welasku." The findings reveal 35 instances of repetition across the selected songs. Five types of repetition were identified: epizeuxis (10 data), anaphora (1 data), epistrophe (1 data), epanalepsis (1 data), and full repetition (22 data). "Kartonyono Medot Janji" contained the most repetitions. The dominant types of repetition found were full repetition and epizeuxis. The use of repetition in Denny Caknan's songs serves to emphasize specific messages. This study is expected to provide insights for future research on discourse analysis, particularly concerning repetition in song lyrics.

This study examines the use of derivational and inflectional affixes in English news headlines published on The Jakarta Post website. The morphological analysis method is used to identify the types of affixes used and word formation patterns in the context of online media. The data collection technique was carried out using the observe and note method, where data was obtained by browsing and recording news headlines found on the site. This analysis uses the distribution method with an advanced technique in the form of Direct Element Sharing (BUL). Based on the results of the analysis, 214 words were found, with 60 affixed word data, consisting of 21 words through the derivation process and 39 words through the inflection process. The research findings show that derivational affixes, such as prefixes ("ir-") and suffixes ("-es", "-ing"), as well as inflectional affixes, such as tense markers and plural suffixes ("-s", "-es"), are often used in news headlines to influence the structure and meaning of words. The use of these affixes plays an important role in creating concise, informative, and interesting headlines for readers. In addition, this finding reveals that the choice of affixes can affect the interpretation of news and the effectiveness of communication in conveying information.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bagaimana pola dan bentuk kohesi ekuivalensi leksikal pada kumpulan cerita pendek karya Eka Kurniawan yang berjudul Perempuan Patah Hati yang Kembali Menemukan Cinta Melalui Mimpi. Fokus penelitian ini ialah pemarkah kohesi leksikal berupa ekuivalensi leksikal. Data penelitian ini berupa kutipan pada cerpen yang di dalamnya terdapat penggunaan ekuivalensi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah kumpulan cerpen Perempuan Patah Hati yang Kembali Menemukan Cinta Melalui Mimpi karya Eka Kurniawan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian kumpulan cerpen. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode simak dan teknik catat dengan metode penyajian akhir teknik informal. Metode analisis data menggunakan teknik distribusional dengan teknik dasar bagi unsur langsung. Ekuivalensi leksikal yang diteliti meliputi ekuivalensi yang mengalami proses afiksasi prefiks, kombinasi afiks, dan sufiks. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan proses afiksasi prefiks yang mendominasi dengan kategori kalimat derivasi. Ekuivalensi leksikal yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini mampu mendukung topik dalam membangun sebuah wacana secara utuh, sehingga mudah dipahami oleh pembaca.

This research describes the behavior of grammatical functions in the X-bar theory in forming the FN structure of the Muna language, Mawasangka dialect. Apart from that, this research tries to find a formulation of the rules for the FN structure of the Muna language, Mawasangka dialect. Data collected from observations through informants who are native Muna speakers. Data was collected and compiled using descriptive methods. From the analysis results obtained, Muna language noun phrases can be combined with the noun phrase itself, but with the help of prepositions. In addition, noun phrases can consist of noun words as core projections combined with numeralia, adjectives, etc.

This study aims to describe the figure of speech, imagery, and meanings that are in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun”. The research approach used is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods and is included in the type of literature study research. The data collection techniques used were listening techniques, reading techniques, hearing techniques, and note taking techniques. The data analysis technique used in this research is interactive which consists of three research components, including: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study are firstly, Nadin Amizah's song lyrics in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun” utilize a variety of figures of speech, namely comparative figures of parable, metaphor, and personafication, repetition of alliteration, assonance, repetition, pleonasm, and parelism, contradictory figures of hyperbole, litotes, oxymorone and linking figurehead which is of the synekdoke type; sinekdoke pars pro toto and sinekdoke totem pro parte. Second, the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun”, there are four types of imagery, namely auditory imagery, movement imagery, tactile imagery, and visual imagery. Third, the meaning contained in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song in the album “Selamat Ulang Tahun” consists of the meaning of affection, meaning of kinship, the meaning of life, and the meaning of love. This research is useful for adding color to research on figure of speech and images in literature.

Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan jenis dan fungsi kalimat imperatif pada spanduk partai politik menuju pemilu 2024 di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Objek adalah kalimat imperatif, data yang digunakan kalimat imperatif pada spanduk beserta konteksnya dan Sumber data utama yang digunakan adalah spanduk-spanduk partai politik menuju pemilu 2024 yang berada di kota Surakarta. Objek adalah kalimat imperatif, data yang digunakan kalimat imperatif pada spanduk beserta konteksnya dan sumber data adalah dokumen tertulis spanduk partai politik menuju pemilu 2024 di Kota Surakarta.  Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi sumber data dan Teknik teriangulasi metode pengumpulan data. Teknik triangulasi sumber data digunakan untuk mengecek data dari berbagai sumber. Metode simak atau observasi dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan secara langsung terhadap objek penelitian yaitu kalimat imperatif pada spanduk partai politik menuju pemilu 2024 di Kota Surakarta. Dokumentasi digunakan untuk mendokumentasikan spanduk partai politik di Kota Surakarta dengan cara difoto agar memudahkan proses pengumpulan data. Teknik ini digunakan untuk mencatat atau mengklasifikan data sesuai dengan jenis kalimat imperatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan kalimat imperatif dengan jenis, (1) larangan, (2) suruhan, (3) biasa, (4) perintah, (5) permintaan dan (6) ajakan.  Fungsi kalimat imperatif yang ditemukan yaitu (1) fungsi menyampaikan sebuah isyarat, (2) fungsi mengajak, (3) fungsi memerintah, (4) fungsi meminta dan (5) fungsi melarang.

This study describes the comparative style of language found in the collection of Sêrat Plérok geguritan by Yusuf Susilo Hartono. The purpose of this study is to determine the form of comparative language style in the geguritan group of Sêrat Plérok. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with a stylistic approach. The data collection technique used in this research is document analysis. The source of the data used in this research is the anthology book geguritan Sêrat Plérok by Yusuf Susilo Hartono. The data used is geguritan which contains comparative language styles, the number of data found is 11 data. The results of this study are (1) simile style with 2 data, (2) metaphor language style with 4 data, and (3) personification style with 5 data. The conclusion in this study, the author wrote three comparative language styles from four types of comparative language styles in eleven data to compare things and beautify vocabulary. Comparative language style that is not found in the geguritan Sêrat Plérok anthology is allegorical style.

Abstract This research is motivated by the discrepancy between words, phrases, clauses and sentences in a discourse. Aspects of grammatical and lexical cohesion is one of the important aspects in the formation of standard discourse, especially in news discourse. Thus, it can be formulated in this study, how is the use of grammatical and lexical cohesion aspects in Javanese news? This study uses the object of analysis in the form of news in Javanese language with a culinary theme contained in the Jawacana tabloid. This study aims to describe the use of grammatical and lexical cohesion aspects in Javanese news in the Jawacana tabloid. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection technique is done by document analysis. The data in this study are written data in the form of words, phrases, clauses and sentences that contain grammatical and lexical cohesion aspects in Javanese news stories contained in the Jawacana tabloid. Test the validity of the data obtained through data triangulation and theory triangulation. The results of the study indicate that news in Jawacana has used grammatical and lexical cohesion in the preparation of its discourse. Thus, the discourse in thetabloid Jawacana has met the criteria as a complete and standard discourse.

The importance of learning evaluation must be supported by the use of high-quality assessment instruments. This study aims to analyze the quality of essay test items based on their validity, reliability, difficulty level, and discrimination index in the Grade VIII Javanese Language Final Semester Examination in Sukoharjo Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research employed a quantitative descriptive method. The data consisted of test questions, test blueprints, answer keys, scoring rubrics, and 64 students’ answer sheets selected through simple random sampling. The analysis was conducted using the Classical Test Theory approach, including validity testing (Product Moment correlation), reliability testing (Cronbach’s Alpha), item difficulty analysis, and discrimination index analysis. The results revealed that all test items were invalid (r-count < r-table at the 0.05 significance level), although the instrument demonstrated very high reliability (0.990). All items were categorized as easy, and most showed low or even negative discrimination indices. These findings indicate that the instrument has not accurately measured students’ competencies nor effectively differentiated students’ ability levels. Therefore, a comprehensive revision of the test construction is necessary before it is used as an official evaluation instrument.

Karya sastra yang dinamis dan selalu berkembang membuat penelitian sastra juga terus bermunculan. Karya sastra berupa novel Jawa belum banyak diminati oleh para siswa untuk dijadikan sumber belajar di sekolah. Maka dari itu, perlu adanya penelitian sastra yang membahas novel Jawa untuk menghasilkan materi ajar pendidikan sebagai alternatif sumber belajar bagi siswa. Alternatif sumber belajar baru dapat memberikan kesan yang lebih variatif dan menarik dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud unsur intrinsik pada novel Sapecak Bumi sing Kobong karya Hastin Zaina, wujud konflik sosial pada novel Sapecak Bumi sing Kobong karya Hastin Zaina, dan relevansi novel Sapecak Bumi sing Kobong dengan materi ajar bahasa Jawa di SMA. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan data berupa kutipan dan ujaran yang diperoleh dari sumber data dokumen serta informan. Teknik sampling yang digunakan ialah purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan analisis dokumen dan wawancara. Teknik uji validitas menggunakan triangulasi teori dan sumber. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif. Prosedur penelitian meliputi persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan penyusunan laporan. Hasil penelitian dapat diuraikan menjadi wujud unsur intrinsik novel yang meliputi tema, amanat, alur, tokoh/penokohan, dan latar/setting, konflik sosial yang diklasifikasikan menjadi kejahatan, disorganisasi keluarga, peperangan, pelanggaran norma, novel Sapecak Bumi sing Kobong telah relevan sebagai materi ajar bahasa Jawa di SMA

The author made this study with the aim of explaining a learning process using the student teams achievement division method and wayang image media. This research is subject to students in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Widodaren. This research was applied in 2 cycles, where each cycle of application consisted of action planning, action implementation, observation or observation, analysis and reflection. The technique used in the collection is document study through tests in cycle 1 and cycle 2. The results of this study can be seen that the application of the student teams achievement division method and wayang image media to class VIII A students of SMP Negeri 1 Widodaren in the 2018/2019 academic year can improve students' ability to read Javanese script in 2 cycles. In the pre-action stage, students who achieved 38% completeness increased in cycle 1 to 51.61% in cycle 2 increased to 87.1%. This study has results that can be used as a reference for teachers to use the student teams achievement division method and puppet image media in Javanese language learning in class VIII to improve reading skills in Javanese script.

This classroom action research aimed to improve the students’ activeness and crita cekak writing skill using examples non-examples learning method with serial picture media in the 10th Social Science Graders of SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles, each of which consisting of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The subject of this study are 29 students in the class at X IPS 4 SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo. The data sources used were event, document, and informant. Techniques of collecting data used were observation, document analysis, interview, and task/test administration. Data validation was carried out using method and data source triangulations. Technique of analyzing data used was a descriptive comparative and critical analysis. The study shows that on the on pre-action the writing skill crita cekak only 27.58%. After the first cycle was done, 62.06% and  after the second cycle was done student who pass increased 89.65%.

This research aims to (1) find out the ubarampe in the Pancenan tradition of Dukuh Jaten, Sragen Regency (2) analyze the symbolic meaning in the ubarampe of the Pancenan tradition in Jaten Dukuh, Sragen Regency. The data used is photo documentation of Ubarampe while the research data source is the results of interviews. The data collection technique uses documentation about the Pancenan tradition of ubarampe. The analytical technique used by the Miles and Huberman interactive model is divided into four stages (1) The appropriate data analysis technique used for the descriptive type is through four activity flows, namely (1) collecting data, (2) data reduction, (3) presenting data, and (4) drawing conclusions or verification. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the research results (1) mentioned the form of ubarampe in the Jenang Sura tradition, (2) explained the symbolic meaning contained in the ubarampe of the Pancenan tradition.

ACCULTURATION OF TEMBANG DHANDHANGGULA CULTURE IN THE TINGKEBAN TRADITION OF THE CHINESE COMMUNITY IN KARANGTURI VILLAGE, LASEMThis study examines cultural acculturation in the lyrics of the Macapat Dhandhanggula “Bok Tok Utama” performed in the Tingkeban tradition of the Chinese community in Karangturi Village, Lasem. The research employed a qualitative method, with data in the form of song lyrics collected through processes of translation, classification, and identification. The data were then analyzed based on metrical structure, linguistic aspects, and socio-cultural context. The findings reveal that the Dhandhanggula “Bok Tok Utama” adheres to the standard rules of macapat with consistent patterns of guru wilangan and guru lagu, despite an aesthetic variation in the fourth stanza. Linguistically, the song is dominated by Modern Javanese with the inclusion of Chinese phrases such as Khongcu and Tiong Yong, indicating intercultural interaction. These findings demonstrate that the Tingkeban tradition of the Chinese community in Karangturi not only preserves literary values but also functions as a medium of prayer and hope, reflecting the acculturation between Javanese and Chinese.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kesulitan belajar, faktor penyebab, dan upaya pemecahan masalah kesulitan belajar yang dialami oleh siswa berkebutuhan khusus materi memahami cerita Ramayana Resi Jatayu dengan model pembelajaran online . Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif dengan tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber data dan triangulasi teknik. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah (1) kesulitan belajar yang dialami siswa yaitu sulit memahami materi, memahami cerita wayang, mengakses materi dan tugas, serta berkomunikasi dengan guru; (2) faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu internal dan eksternal. Faktor internalnya yaitu (a) jasmani: permasalahan penglihatan siswa (tunanetra); (b) rohani: malas belajar, kurangnya semangat siswa dalam belajar, emosi siswa labil. Adapun faktor eksternalnya yaitu (a) faktor keluarga: kurangnya perhatian orang tua, kondisi rumah ramai, tidak memiliki gawai pribadi, serta koneksi jaringan buruk; (b) faktor sekolah: pemberian tugas banyak; (c) faktor lingkungan sosial: mengikuti kebiasaan teman; (3) upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasinya yaitu memberikan materi ringkas dan menarik, melakukan home visit, memberikan materi dalam bentuk pesan suara, dan memberikan motivasi pada siswa agar semangat belajar.

This research is aimed to: (1) explain the obstacles learning to reading skill of Java lettered sentences with sandhangan panyigeg in the class VII A of SMP Negeri 1 Jatiroto in the academic year of 2014/ 2015 and (2) describe the improvement of reading skill of Java lettered sentences with sandhangan panyigeg in the class VII A of SMP Negeri 1 Jatiroto in the academic year of 2014/ 2015 through cooperative learning type snowball throwing. This research carried out two cycles. Source data derived from informants, events, and documents/ archives. The technique of data collecting were used are from interview, observation, documentation, and test. Data validity used the technique of triangulation source. The technique of data analyzing were comparative descriptive analysis and critical analysis technique. The conclusion of the research is there would be some obstacles that occur in implementating of learning to reading skill of Java lettered sentences with sandhangan panyigeg. The implementation of cooperative learning type snowball throwing can improve reading skill of Java lettered sentences with sandhangan panyigeg in the class VII A of SMP Negeri 1 Jatiroto in the academic year of 2014/ 2015.

This research aims to disseminate. (1) Principle of language politeness on the staging of puppet climen play Semar Kelangan Wadhag, (2) a form of violation of the principle of language politeness in the staging of puppet climen play Semar Kelangan Wadhag and (3) Relevance of the results of analysis of puppet performance climen play Semar Kelangan Wadhag as an alternative teaching material understanding the contents of the mahabharata story text class X even semester. This type of research is a descriptive analysis. The method used in collecting this research data is to check and do the transcript process on the staging of puppets of semar Kelangan Wadhag to produce manuscripts (texts). The next process is data identification, and finally data reduction is carried out. The validity of data is derived from the process of triangulation of data sources, observations, and theories. The results : (1) a form of the principle of language manners in the performance of puppet climen play Semar Kelangan Wadhag in accordance with Geoffrey Leech's principle of (a) maksim wisdom, (b) maximal mercy, (c) maximality, (d) maximal acceptance, (e) maksim humility, and (f) maximal fit. The principle of the dominant language manners in this story is the maxim, because in this story the puppeteer emphasizes to always be wise in overcoming all problems. (2) The form of violation of the principle of politeness in this story is dominant in the maxim of acceptance or appreciation of a number of 5 (five) data, because in this story there are many conflicts that demean the opposing figure. (3) Relevance of the results of the analysis of puppet performance climen play Semar Kelangan Wadhag as an alternative teaching material to understand the contents of the mahabharata story text class X even semester. After analysis and interviews in this study can be used as teaching material to understand the contents of the mahabharata story text of class X even semester. With the puppet climate, it provides a new color for learning material with a short duration but still contains the moral values contained in the puppet performances that are played, because this play contains moral values and character and is by today's conditions.

Karya sastra merupakan sebuah hasil karya yang umumnya tidak terikat aturan. Contoh karya sastra salah satunya adalah geguritan. Geguritan adalah puisi modern yang penulisannya menggunakan bahasa Jawa. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif di bidang bahasa yang berfokus pada kohesi leksikal dan gramatikal. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memaparkan bentuk kohesi leksikal dan gramatikal dalam geguritan karya Mbah Brintik yang dimuat oleh majalah Panjebar Semangat edisi tahun 2016 serta relevansinya sebagai bahan ajar bahasa Jawa untuk SMA. Data berupa kata, frasa, dan klausa pada geguritan yang mengandung kohesi leksikal dan gramatikal bersumber dari geguritan karya Mbah Brintik dalam majalah Panjebar Semangat edisi tahun 2016. Data relevansi bersumber dari informan yang terdiri dari guru bahasa Jawa dan siswa kelas XII SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta serta ahli bahasa. Teknik pengambilan subjek penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa teknik analisis dokumen dan wawancara. Uji validitas data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi data dan teori. Teknik analisis data dalam pelitian ini meliputi tiga komponen yaitu tahap reduksi data, sajian data yang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan narasi, kemudian penarikan simpulan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa hasil kohesi leksikal dan gramatikal dalam geguritan karya Mbah Brintik yang dimuat oleh majalah Panjebar Semangat edisi tahun 2016. Pertama terdapat kohesi leksikal yang terdiri dari repetisi, sinonimi, antonimi, hiponimi, dan kolokasi. Kedua terdapat kohesi gramatikal yang terdiri dari referensi, substitusi, elipsis, dan konjungsi. Hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif bahan ajar bahasa Jawa dalam kompetensi dasar menelaah teks geguritan sebagaimana termuat dalam kurikulum 2013 provinsi Jawa Tengah untuk mata pelajaran muatan lokal bahasa Jawa SMA kelas XII. Penerapan tersebut berlaku untuk seluruh wilayah di Jawa Tengah sebab objek dalam penelitian ini menggunakan bahasa Jawa dialek Solo-Jogja yang merupakan bahasa baku dari bahasa Jawa.

Penelitian ini dilakukan guna meningkatkan keterampilan menulis aksara Jawa pada siswa kelas X Asisten Keperawatan SMK Bhakti Karya Karanganyar menggunakan model pembelajaran kumon dan media gambar yang berjumlah 15 siswa. Penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research) ini mengimplementasikan metode pendekatan kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Data kualitatif bedasarkan hasil analisis dari wawancara guru kelas X mata pelajaran Bahasa Jawa, siswa, silabus, dan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Data kuantitatif berdasarkan hasil analisis dari hasil tes, observasi guru dan siswa. Hasil data tes dijabarkan dengan melihat nilai rata-rata saat pratindakan, siklus I, siklus II, dan siklus III. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada pratindakan, siswa mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 57 dengan persentase ketuntasan 13,34%. Pada siklus I menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dengan nilai rata-rata 71,2 dengan persentase ketuntasan 40,02%. Tindakan siklus II memperoleh nilai rata-rata 80,26 yang sudah memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal, namun persentase 60,03% yang berarti belum memenuhi indikator kesuksesan penelitian. Penelitian dilanjutkan hingga siklus III dengan nilai rata-rata 87,8 dengan persentase ketuntasan 100%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, model pembelajaran kumon dan media gambar yang digunakan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis pada siswa. Maka disarankan kepada guru untuk menggunakan dan memilih model dan media pembelajaran variatif seperti model pembelajaran kumon dan media gambar, serta memotivasi siswa untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis aksara Jawa pada siswa.