Free radicals in the body can lead to wrinkle. The use of antioxidants can prevent wrinkle. Black rice known to have an antioxidant effect. The purpose of this study is to get a microemulsion preparation of black rice extract that stable and has antiwrinkle effect. Research was started by antioxidant power test in vitro against DPPH, then the optimization of the microemulsion preparation base. The optimum base formula then formulated with black rice extract. Then tested the chemical and physical stability test, also antiwrinkle effect. The results showed that black rice extract microemulsion has composition as black rice extract of 4%, VCO of 28.8%, Croduret-50-SS of 28.8%, glycerol of 28.8%, and citrate phosphate buffer pH 3.0 of 9.6%. The antiwrinkle effectivity of black rice extract in microemulsion form was more than in emulsion form. The average decrease of wrinkle level by black rice extract microemulsion was 44.46%±19.7%, and by black rice extract emulsion was 36.6%±19.5%.       Keywords: Antiwrinkle, black rice, microemulsion | Radikal bebas dalam tubuh dapat memicu terjadinya kerut. Salah satu upaya mengatasi kerut adalah dengan antioksidan. Beras hitam telah terbukti memiliki efek antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan sediaan mikroemulsi ekstrak beras hitam yang stabil dan memiliki efek antikerut. Penelitian dimulai dengan melakukan uji daya antioksidan ekstrak beras hitam secara in vitro terhadap DPPH. Kemudian dilakukan optimasi terhadap basis sediaan mikroemulsi. Basis yang optimal lalu diformulasikan dengan ekstrak beras hitam. Terhadap sediaan mikroemulsi ekstrak beras hitam dilakukan uji stabilitas fisika kimia dan uji efek antikerut. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa formula mikroemulsi ekstrak beras hitam yang stabil memiliki komposisi ekstrak beras hitam 4%, VCO 28,8%, Croduret-50-SS 28,8%, gliserin 28,8%, dan dapar sitrat fosfat pH 3,0 9,6%. Efektivitas antikerut ekstrak beras hitam dalam sediaan mikroemulsi lebih besar daripada dalam sediaan emulsi. Penurunan rata-rata level kerut oleh mikroemulsi ekstrak beras hitam adalah 44,46%±19,7%, sedangkan oleh emulsi ekstrak beras hitam adalah 36,6%±19,5%.       Kata kunci: Antikerut, beras hitam, mikroemulsi

Services related to pharmaceutical preparations that a pharmacist offers to patients directly and ethically with the goal of improving patient health are referred to as pharmaceutical services. In order to allow pharmacists to provide pharmaceutical services in a professional manner, the government has taken steps to enable them, as stated in Minister of Health Regulation Number 35 of 2014 about Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Pharmacies. Using Minister of Health Regulation Number 35 of 2014 as a guide, this study aims to describe the pharmaceutical service practices that pharmacists in Samarinda City pharmacies perform. This study employs a qualitative descriptive research design. Data was gathered by looking at questionnaire answers, conducting interviews, and observing pharmacists in action. There were fifty-one pharmacists from the Samarinda City Pharmacy who answered the survey. According to the study's findings, pharmacists in Samarinda City pharmacies manage 80.93% of pharmaceutical supplies, medical equipment, and consumable medical materials in addition to 81.1% of clinical pharmacy services. All practical services performed comply with Minister of Health Regulation Number 35 of 2014 standards.

Ambon banana peel (ABP) is rich in phenolic compounds yet unstable to light and heat. Foam-mat drying (FMD) protects bioactive components and facilitates the development of nutraceutical products. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate FMD granules containing ABP for their antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Granules were prepared with ABP at 1% (F1), 2.5% (F2), and 5% (F3) w/w, combined with 6% Tween-80 and 15% maltodextrin, dried at 40 °C for 60 min, and blended with excipients. Physical characteristics, pH, flowability, and antioxidant activity (ABTS assay) were assessed. Antihypertensive effects were tested in Wistar rats induced with 2% NaCl and treated orally for 14 days; captopril (5 mg/kg BW) served as a positive control. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. All formulations produced free-flowing granules with a moisture content <2% and a dissolution time <5 min. Antioxidant inhibition increased with ABP content, with F3 showing the highest activity (71.3 ± 1.4%). F3 also achieved the greatest reductions in systolic (≈31%) and diastolic (≈39%) blood pressure, approaching the effect of captopril. Moreover, F3 exhibits strong antioxidant activity and significant antihypertensive effects, indicating potential as a sustainable nutraceutical for the management of hypertension. Further studies on product stability and clinical efficacy are warranted.

Mango leaves (Mangifera longipes Griff.) are used for diabetic, malaria, gastrointestinal, kidney, as well as topical treatment of wounds. The aim of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of methanol extract, water fraction and ethyl acetate fraction from mango leaves (Mangifera longipes Griff.). Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) on 24 rats divided into 6 groups, namely normal; negative; positive (given acarbose 1.8 mg/200 g BW rats); methanol extract (EM), water fraction (FA), ethyl acetate fraction (FEA) with a dose of 58.8 mg/200 g BW rats. Induction of 1.35 g/200 g BW of rats glucose was carried out 30 minutes before the dosage administration. Data analysis with Paired T Test (95% confidence level). Results: In crude extract standardization, the water content was 2%, the ash content was 12.6% and the water soluble extract content was 19.5%. In crude extract and EM, flavonoids, saponins, and phenols were identified; in FA identified saponins and phenols; FEA identified flavonoids and phenols. A significant decrease in blood glucose levels at T0 and T120 in all groups (significant 2-tailed <0.05). The percentage of decline in the positive and FEA groups compared to the negative was 85.5% and 16.9%, respectively. Discussion:. Flavonoids are thought to increase antioxidant activity and inhibit α-glucosidase enzymes. Conclusion: EM, FA and FEA have antidiabetic activity with the best percentage reduction in glucose levels was FEA (16.9%).Keywords: Antidiabetic, OGTT, Mangifera longipes Griff

Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa blimbi) fruit is commonly used traditionally as antifertility. The bioactive compounds of A. blimbi have been known could inhibit spermatogenesis and development of testes, as well as decrease the quality and quantity of spermatozoa, thus, caused seminiferous tubular atro- phy. This study aimed to determine the reversibility time in testicular damage after the treatment of A. blimbi fruit extract on male Wistar rat. The method employed a completely randomized design (CRD) consists of nine treatments with three replications each. The treatment of the extract at a dose 1140 mg/ kg BW and control group was given the solvent. After 14 days of treatment, the reversibility time was examined in testis histological section by interval of seven days each until 49 days. The results showed that the treatment of A. blimbi fruit extract caused disruptions in seminiferous tubules, i.e. decreased the number of spermatogonium and spermatid, as well as the diameter of lumen and seminiferous tu- bules. The reversibility time was observing at 21 days after the end extract treatments, by increasing the number of of spermatogonium and spermatid, as well as the diameter of lumen and seminiferous tubules that signi cantly different with infertile rat (p<0.05). In conclusion, the reversibility time was 21 days after the treatment of A. blimbi fruit extract as antifertility. Key words: Averrhoa blimbi, rats, reversible time, tubulus seminiferous

Radical-related diseases can be mitigated through natural antioxidant therapies that help regulate the formation and accumulation of free radicals. The pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. and the leaves of Moringa oleifera are well-known for their antioxidant properties due to their high level of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolics, and xanthones. This study aimed to explore the antioxidant capabilities of these two herbal extract combinations. Using the maceration method with 96% ethanol, the extraction yields were 11.4% w/w for M. oleifera and 24.11% w/w for G. mangostana. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed differences in secondary metabolites, particularly steroids and triterpenes, between the two extracts. The antioxidant activity was categorized based on EC50 values, with crude G. mangostana showing very strong activity (<50 µg/mL) and M. oleifera classified as strong (50–100 µg/mL). Combinations of the extracts (2–10 ppm) produced very strong antioxidant activity but showed reduced efficacy compared to G. mangostana alone, suggesting antagonistic interactions based on combination index (IC) calculation. This study emphasizes the need for multiple antioxidant assays to evaluate diverse mechanisms and recommends further research to optimize synergistic effects in herbal extract combinations.

AbstrakMasyarakat Indonesia telah menjunjung tinggi tradisi penggunaan  herbal secara turun-temurun, dan salah satu contoh yang menonjol adalah pemanfaatan pohon pisang (Musa paradisiaca) untuk khasiat pengobatannya. Oleh karena itu, telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menilai aktivitas hemostatik lokal berbagai jenis getah batang semu pisang dengan mengukur waktu pendarahan pada hewan percobaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Duke, dengan memberikan luka ringan pada ekor tikus. Tikus Swiss Webster jantan dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Hasilnya, rata-rata ± SD waktu pendarahan pada kelima kelompok adalah sebagai berikut: kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan perlakuan dengan getah batang semu pisang ambon, nangka-pisang, dan pisang siem berturut-turut 305,40 ± 79,45; 88,00±29,45; 81,20 ± 91,19; 199,20 ± 64,77; dan 135,40 ± 31,19 detik. Data yang terkumpul dilakukan analisis statistik ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Secara signifikan, terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok kontrol negatif dan kelompok perlakuan lainnya di antara kelima kelompok. Namun tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata antara ketiga kelompok perlakuan yang melibatkan berbagai varietas getah batang pohon pisang. Penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa getah batang pisang semu dapat secara efektif mengurangi waktu pendarahan pada tikus.

Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Sumedang yang memiliki keragaman jenis tata guna lahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui peran citra satelit Landsat 8 dalam mengungkap jenis tata guna lahan di daerah penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui analisis citra Landsat 8 dengan dukungan Sistem Informasi Geografis di studio dan observasi ke lapangan untuk mengecek langsung jenis tata guna lahan di daerah penelitian. Perangkat lunak ArcGIS 10.0 dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis digunakan untuk mengolah dan menganalisis citra satelit Landsat 8. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, daerah penelitian dapat dibedakan menjadi 4 kawasan, yaitu kawasan pemukiman, hutan, budidaya (ladang, kebun, dan sebagainya), serta perairan dan lahan basah (sawah). Kawasan pemukiman terkonsentrasi di daerah berkembang seperti Jatinangor, Tanjungsari, Sumedang Selatan, dan Sumedang Utara. Kawasan hutan tersebar di beberapa daerah namun sebagian besar berada di bagian selatan daerah penelitian. Kawasan budidaya dan lahan basah seperti sawah sebagian besar merupakan hasil konversi lahan kawasan hutan sehingga letaknya berdekatan dengan kawasan hutan. Kata kunci : ArcGIS, citra Landsat 8, Sistem Informasi Geografis, Sumedang, tata guna lahan

Administratively, the study site is located in Sumatra Utara region, on swamp area at Simeuleu Island, which has coordinates point on 95° 43’ 15” BT and-2° 45’ 29” LS. Subfossil group used are foraminifera and ostracoda. Based on Simeuleu core analysis of lithological and biofacies, the study area are divided into 3(three) biofacies namely A,B and C. in Biofacies A, Heterolepa subhaidingeri is found as the predominate species that live in outer neritic environment. In Biofacies B, Elphidium depressulum is found as the predominate species that live in middle neritic environment. And in Biofacies C, Hanzawaia grossepuncata and Pararotalia calcariformata are found as the predominate species that live in middle neritic environment. Origin of depositional environment of tsunami deposits is middle neritic and outer neritic.

Jatinangor consist of volcanic brecia and its weathered. This terrain as development area. This terrain is require some analysis to it land development, for example is foundation analysis. To anticipate of negative impact as effect of foundation failure, hence requireded by calculation of bearing capacity. Also required environmental analysis by Environmental Evaluation by identifying impact and also give environmental management instruction and also environmental monitoring that started with location of foundation at appropriate deepness. Monitoring herein can be done to condition of building (house, bridge, drainage, road, street, etc.).

DAS Cikao Bagian Hulu meliputi Kecamatan Jatiluhur, Pasawahan, Pondoksalam, Bojong dan Darangdan secara administratif berada di Kabupaten Purwakarta. Setiap tahunnya di wilayah pada DAS ini meningkat jumlah penduduknya. Hal ini berbanding lurus dengan perubahan kondisi tata guna lahan yang menimbulkan permasalahan air pada musim kemarau maupun pada musim hujan, padahal daerah ini merupakan kawasan resapan air bagian utara Gunung Burangrang. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode neraca air Thornthwaite dengan modifikasi dari Todd untuk perhitungan debit run off. Parameter yang digunakan adalah data iklim yaitu curah hujan dan suhu, data tutupan lahan dan data kemiringan lereng. Rata-rata curah hujan 2009-2013 sebesar 3,141.068 mm/tahun. Nilai evapotranspitrasi sebesar 1,759.938 mm/tahun. Nilai debit run off di DAS Bagian Barat sebesar 29,285,386.16 m3/tahun, sedangkan di DAS Bagian Timur sebesar 18,399,878.27 m3/tahun. Kebutuhan air tanah pada DAS Bagian Barat sebesar 2,131,706.06 m3/tahun sedangkan pada DAS Bagian Timur sebesar 1,173,951.52 m3/tahun. Dari hasil perhitungan antara debit infiltrasi dan kebutuhan air, didapatkan bahwa cadangan air tanah pada DAS Bagian Barat sebesar 29,320,434.35 m3/tahun dan DAS Cikao Bagian Timur sebesar 30,218,614.12 m3/tahun. Kekritisan air tanah pada DAS Cikao tergolong kedalam kategori belum kritis terlihat masih banyaknya nilai cadangan air tanah. Namun seiring waktu berjalan, perubahan tata guna lahan dan meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk akan mempengaruhi ketersediaan air tanah sehingga perlu dilakukan pencegahan agar kondisi ini tidak memburuk nantinya. Perubahan tata guna lahan yang tidak mementingkan aspek lingkungan akan merusak daerah resapan dan mempengaruhi sumber air. Kebutuhan air tanah yang bertambah perlu diimbangin dengan ketersediaan air tanah yang terjaga.

Pulau Jawa merupakan wilayah dengan aktivitas seismotektonik kompleks akibat interaksi antara subduksi Lempeng Indo-Australia dan Lempeng Sunda serta keberadaan sejumlah sesar aktif di daratan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persebaran seismisitas dan mekanisme fokal gempa bumi di kawasan Jawa Timur sebagai kajian awal untuk memahami pola tektonik regional. Data yang digunakan meliputi katalog ISC-EHB (1964–2021), BMKG (2009–2021), serta data moment tensor dari GCMT (1976–2022). Setelah proses penyaringan dan penggabungan, sebanyak 13.782 kejadian gempa dianalisis berdasarkan distribusi spasial, kedalaman, serta penampang vertikal per interval 1° bujur. Hasilnya menunjukkan pola seismisitas yang mengikuti geometri subduksi Indo-Australia, membentuk zona Wadati–Benioff dengan kemiringan slab curam ke arah utara–timur laut hingga kedalaman ~600 km. Variasi seismisitas antar lintasan mengindikasikan adanya kemungkinan slab tear dan zona seismic gap pada segmen tengah. Mekanisme fokal memperlihatkan dominasi thrust fault di zona megathrust, sementara wilayah daratan didominasi sesar strike-slip dan oblique-slip yang berkaitan dengan Sesar Kendeng Timur, Probolinggo, dan Blitar. Temuan ini mengonfirmasi bahwa deformasi tektonik di Jawa Timur dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi proses subduksi dan aktivitas sesar lokal, yang penting untuk pemodelan bahaya seismik dan mitigasi bencana gempa bumi di wilayah ini.

Studies in this research are the characteristics of one of material deposits from the volcanoes eruption. Volcanic activity in Indonesia is a natural phenomenon that can occur at any time. Both material losses and loss of life will always happen at any moment in particular that deal directly with the volcano. The volcanic activity was resulted is deposition of debris avalanches. The study was conducted deposition of debris avalanches in complex of Papandayan volcanoes, Garut, West Java.In this study conducted by the interpretation of high resolution image data , and morphometry sub watershed for the morphologic aspects. The study was conducted to compare the deposited of debris avalanches from the eruption in 1772 and the eruption of 2002. Descriptive analysis of physical properties indicate a difference in both the materials. Deposition of debris avalanches in 1772 showed that sediment material is dominated by the matrix with widespread distribution . While the deposition of debris avalanches in 2002 are dominant fragment sizes and larger components and distribution concentrated in the upper reaches of the river that flows into the Cimanuk river. Both of debris avalanches are absent a scoria, pumice and large juveniles, which is one parameter of explosive. Analysis of  watershed morphometry showed different drainage densities in both materials, which is conducted to determine the resistance response of rocks whereas deposited debris avalanches. Keywords : Eruption, Debris avalanches, G. Papandayan. Studi dalam penelitian ini mengenai karakteristik salah satu endapan material hasil erupsi gunung api. Aktifitas gunung api di Indonesia merupakan salah satu fenomena alam yang dapat terjadi setiap saat. Kerugian baik materi maupun korban jiwa akan selalu terjadi setiap saat di khususnya yang berhadapan langsung dengan gunung api tersebut. Salah satu hasil dari aktifitas gunung api tersebut menghasilkan endapan debris avalanches. Penelitian endapan debris avalanches  ini dilakukan di komplek Gunung api Papandayan, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat.Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara interpretasi data citra resolusi tinggi, dan morfometri sub DAS untuk aspek morfologinya. Penelitian dilakukan untuk membandingkan endapan debris avalanches hasil erupsi tahun 1772 dan erupsi tahun 2002. Hasil analisis deskriptif sifat fisik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kedua endapan tersebut. Endapan debris avalanches  tahun 1772 menunjukkan material endapan yang didominasi oleh matrik dengan penyebaran yang luas. Sedangkan endapan debris avalanches tahun 2002 dominan ukuran fragmen dan komponen yang besar dan penyebarannya terkonsentrasi di hulu sungai yang mengalir ke sungai Cimanuk. Kedua endapan tidak ditemukan  pumis dan skoria serta juvenil yang besar yang merupakan salah satu parameter eruspsi eksplosif. Dari analisis morfometri daerah aliran sungai memperlihatkan kerapatan pengaliran yang berbeda di kedua endapan, yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui respon resistensi batuan dimana endapan debris avalanches diendapkan. Kata kunci : Erupsi,  Debris avalanches, G. Papandayan.

Area of Cianjur Regency is represent the part of west Indonesian tectonic. Regional of west Indonesian tectonics is influenced by two plate, that is Indo-Australa and Eurasia, with plate boundary characteristic is Java Trench at south Java. Regional of Cianjur Regency have potency of geological hazard which need to attention from possibility of tsunami in south coast Java, until possibility of volcano eruption (Mt. Gede) in north region. Early warning system is required to various geology disaster referring to various project or activity which have developed or will expand.

ABSTRAKSebanyak 15 sampel yang terdiri dari batupasir dengan semen karbonat dalam berbagai ukuran butir dari Formasi Bentang di daerah Babakan Kabupaten Pangandaran dianalisis pengamatan mikroskopis dan penentuan umur berdasarkan kumpulan nannofosil gampingan. Sisipan batulempung sesekali muncul di antara batupasir di bagian selatan lokasi pengambilan sampel. Kumpulan nannofosil gampingan umumnya banyak hingga sedikit dan preservation nannofosil terawetkan sedang - baik. Kerangka biostratigrafi terdiri dari 5 (lima) peristiwa Zonal berdasarkan kemunculan 21 spesies nannofosil gampingan. Lima spesies datum nannofosil yaitu terdiri dari kemunculan akhir Coccolithus miopelagicus (Zona 10.613 Ma atau NN8); kemunculan awal Discoaster hamatus (10,541 Ma) dan kemunculan akhir Discoaster hamatus (9.560 Ma) atau Zona NN9-NN10; kemunculan awal Discoaster berggrenii (NN11/NN10); dan interval atas Reticulofenestra kecil (7.167 Ma atau NN11 Zone). Lebih khusus lagi, interval umur pada Formasi Bentang daerah Pangandaran berkorelasi pada Miosen Akhir yaitu dari Zona NN8 hingga Zona NN11. Dominasi Reticulofenestra kecil di Zona NN11 menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan kelimpahan produktivitas coccolith di Formasi Bentang. Kata Kunci: Formasi Bentang, Nannofosil Gampingan, Miosen Akhir, Pangandaran ABSTRACTA total of 15 samples composed of sandstones with carbonate cement in various grain sizes from Bentang Formation in the Babakan area of Pangandaran regency were analyzed for microscopic observation and age determination based on the calcareous nannofossil assemblages. Claystone inserts occasionally appear between these sandstones in the southern part of the sampling location. The calcareous nannofossils assemblages are generally common to few  and preservation of sample is moderate to good. The biostratigraphic framework consist of 5 (five) Zonal events based on the occurrences of 21 species of calcareous nannofossil. Five nannofossil datum species are consist of  last occurrence of Coccolithus miopelagicus (10.613 Ma or NN8 Zone); first occurrence  Discoaster hamatus  (10.541 Ma) and last occurrence of Discoaster hamatus (9.560 Ma) or NN9-NN10 Zone; first occurrence of Discoaster berggrenii (NN11/NN10); and top of small Reticulofenestra interval (7.167 Ma or NN11 Zone). More specifically, an age interval at Bentang Formation of Pangandaran area was correlated for the Late Miocene from NN8 Zone to NN11 Zone. The dominance of small Reticulofenestra at NN11 Zone  shows a positive correlation with abundance of coccolith productivity in Bentang Formation.  Keywords : Bentang Formation, Calcareous Nannofosils, Late Miocene, Pangandaran

ABSTRAKAnalisis  Formasi Pematang sebagai salah satu penghasil batuan induk di Sub-Cekungan Aman Utara, Cekungan Sematera Tengah merupakan hal yang menarik untuk dikaji, bagaimana Formasi Pematang ini terendapkan dengan mekanisme cekungan belakang busur dengan sistem pengendapn syn-rift menjadi salah satu Formasi yang dikenal sebagai penghasil batuan induk yang baik. Objek penelitian terfokus pada pustaka tentang kondisi geologi, stratigrafi regional daerah penelitian dengan fokus pada grup Formasi pematang dan data seismik daerah penelitian yang nanti akan saling berkaitan.Pada penampang seismik memperlihatkan struktur sesar batas dan sesar-sesar penyerta yang berarah relatif Baratlaut - Tenggaradan geometri antiklin pada blok footwall yang kemungkinan bisa  menjadi perangkap minyak di daerah penelitian.  Formasi yang dapat berperan menjadi batuan induk selain Formasi Brown Shale adalah Formasi Lower Red Bed, karena di beberapa sumur formasi ini memperlihatkan parameter potensi, kualitas dan kematangan yang cukup baik.Kata kunci: seismik stratigrafi, rift-system, Grup PematangABSTRACTPematang Formation as a source rocks potential at North Aman Sub-Basin, Central Sumatra Basin it is interesting to learn, how Pematang Formation formed with syn-rift mekanism is prooved that Pematang Formation is one of the source rocks potential. The object research focused about geological condition, regional stratigraphy with main research at Pematang Formation which related to be analysed. Seismic shows fault system as a border fault with relative northwest – southeast direction with anticlyne geometry at footwall analyzed for the play at research area. Beside Brown Shale Formation which is has a good potential as source rocks, we have a Lower Red Bed Formation also good potensial as a source rocks showed good on potential, quality and matureness.Keywords: stratigraphy seismik, rift-system, Pematan Group, Geochemistry

The outcrop findings of the inverted Basin fill in the Ombilin Basin Central Sumatra, provides a new opportunity for research into provenance and sediment dispersal system. Sandstone samples were taken for petrographic examination from the Eocene Brani Formation, the Oligocene Sawahlunto Formation and the Miocene Ombilin Formation.Major diagenetic features such as compaction, cementation, replacement and grain deformation are commonly present in all samples, but however they exhibit a different intensity level and variation in detail to each formation.Metamorphic rock fragment, marble rock fragment and plagioclase grain are the distinctive grain types (petrographic classes) of the Brani Formation sandstone. Petrographic classes that characterize the overall populated sandstone of the Sawahlunto Formation consist of undulosed monocrystalline quartz and lithic chert. Petrographic classes that characterize the overall populated sandstone of the Ombilin Formation comprises sedimentary rock fragment (authigenic grain and intrabasinal clast) and lithic volcanic. In terms of parental rock assemblage, it is identified that the provenance (parental rock) of the sand grain in the three formations are possibly sourced from five rock assemblages: A). Pre Tertiary Extrabasinal sediment and volcanic; B). Pre Tertiary Extrabasinal Metamorphic; C). Extrabasinal contemporaneous volcanism; D). Intrabasinal contemporaneous sediment; E). Pre Tertiary Extrabasinal granitoid pluton.

Gedong Songo, Ungaran, is a geothermal complex from the part of the Ungaran volcano system which located in the North of the Serayu Mountains as the result of back-arc magmatism during the quaternary period. The presence of surface geothermal manifestations indicates the existence of an active geothermal system in this area. Surface manifestations in Gedong Songo area includes hot springs, fumaroles, steaming ground, and altered rocks. This study uses a lineament analysis on imagery DEM supported by geomagnetic data and geological mapping. The lineament in this area is identified from DEM. Based on geological field observations and mapping, and also manifestations in Gedong Songo  area are controlled by northeast-southwest right strike slip faults structures, and the presence of structures is reinforced by geomagnetic anomalies that indicate areas affected by heat experiencing demagnetization.

Wilayah Kabupaten Garut, Provinsi Jawa Barat merupakan bagian dari zona gerakan tanah di Indonesia bagian barat. Indonesia bagian barat dibentuk akibat  pengaruh tumbukan dua lempeng tektonik yaitu Indo-Australia dan Eurasia. Zona tersebut juga merupakan zona gempa dan zona gunungapi. Tanah residu yang tebal pada lereng dan curah hujan yang cukup tinggi di Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu penyebab daerah rawan longsor. Hal ini menjadi kendala bagi pengembangan wilayah Kabupaten Garut. Potensi gerakan tanah (longsor) pada daerah berlereng di Kabupaten Garut perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Sistem peringatan dini diperlukan untuk mengurangi  potensi  kebencanaan geologi gerakan tanah sehubungan dengan berbagai kegiatan atau proyek yang sudah ataupun akan dikembangkan.Kata Kunci: tektonik, gerakan tanah, sistem peringatan dini

Administratively, Cipunagara area is part of Subang Regency, West Java province. Geographically, the research area are located between 107o30’00” – 107o52’30” E and 06o37’30” – 06o52’30” S. Purposes of this research are to know the characterization of water quantity and quality based on petrology and geochemistry methods. The results of this research show that quantities of water depend on porosity. Secondary porosity advanced on basalt and andesite igneous rocks because of deformation. Those conditions give the rocks the ability to reserve much water. Meanwhile primary porosity advanced on tuff and breccia rocks. Based on water geochemistry analysis, the relationship between mineral in igneous rocks (andesite and basalt) that contain cation Ca and water quality can be found. Water in research area contains high cation Ca that good for water drinking