Ketoconazole is an azole antifungal with low solubility and classified as Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II. A tablet formulation based on an alginate-acacia gum matrix is developed to enhance the solubility of ketoconazole. This study aims to validate the analytical method using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for the assay of ketoconazole in these tablet formulations. The analysis was performed using a C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of water for injection (WFI) containing 0.15% TEA (pH 3.3) and acetonitrile (50:50 v/v), flow rate 1.0 mL/min, and detection at 232 nm. Method validation included system suitability testing, linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, LOD, and LOQ. Specificity testing indicated no interference at the retention time of ketoconazole. Good linearity was achieved over 10–250 ppm (r = 0.9996), with good accuracy (99.8–101.75%) and precision (intraday and interday; %RSD < 2%). LOD and LOQ were 2.357 ppm and 7.142 ppm, respectively. The developed HPLC method was shown to be valid, accurate, precise, selective, and reliable for the assay of ketoconazole in tablets formulated with an alginate-acacia gum matrix. This method can be used for routine quality control.

Inflammation is a normal protective response to tissue injury that involves various physiological processes in the body. Perisbivalvin, apioside, and pelargonidine 3-sambubioside are anthocyanin compounds found in magenta plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain a candidate for a new compound as an anti-inflammatory agent targeting the PTGS2 receptor before in vivo testing. Molecular docking in silico with PDB code 5IKR was carried out by optimizing 2 and 3-dimensional chemical structures, method validation, and docking between perisbivalvin compounds and the comparison compound mefenamic acid. The results obtained were docking perisbivalvin -7.63 kcal/mol, apioside -0.77 kcal/mol, and pelargonidine -5.74 kcal/mol, while the bond energy of the comparison compound was -7.52 kcal/mol through hydrogen bonding with amino acids TYR 385A and SER 530A. The prediction results of the test compounds and comparison compounds were classified as class 4 toxicities. Perisbivalvin compounds have anti-inflammatory potential because they can bind to the PTGS2 protein.

Zea mays L. (Jagung) adalah tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia dan pemanfaatan limbah dari jagung masih sebatas sebagai pakan ternak, sedangkan pemanfaatan kandungan komponen didalamnya masih sangat terbatas. Kandungan kimia yang terdapat pada tanaman jagung antara lain alkaloid, saponin, tanin, flavonoid, fenol, steroid, glikosida, terpenoid, protein, mineral. Senyawa fenol banyak berperan dalam aktivitas antioksidan dan tabir surya. Sampel tongkol dan rambut jagung diduga berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan dan tabir surya alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan tabir surya dari ekstrak dan fraksi tongkol dan rambut jagung serta kadar fenol totalnya. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas 1,1 Difenil-1-Pikrihidrazil (DPPH) dan uji aktivitas tabir surya dengan penentuan nilai sun protected farctor (SPF) dengan spektrofotometri yang diukur pada λ 290-320nm. Penetapan kadar fenol total diukur dengan metode kolorimetri menggunakan reagen Folin Ciocalteu dan diukur dengan spektrofotometri pada λ 765nm. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dan tabir surya terbaik ditunjukkan oleh fraksi etil asetat rambut jagung dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 45,18 μg/mLdan nilai SPF sebesar 23,943 serta kadar fenol totalnya sebesar 106,010 mg/G ± 0,431. Fraksi etil asetat rambut jagung memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, tabir surya, dan kadar fenol yang lebih tinggi dari yang lainnya.

Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa) contains flavonoid compounds that are potentially immunomodulators because they increase macrophage phagocytosis activity and lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. This study aims to determine the phytochemical compound content of parijoto fruit and its potential as an immunomodulatory agent in vivo. Parijoto fruit was extracted using 70% ethanol solvent. The ethanol extract of parijoto fruit (EEPF) was qualitatively identified by phytochemical screening. The immunomodulatory activity test in vivo was conducted using BALB/c mice, which were separated into five groups: untreated, Phyllanthus niruri L. (PN) extract (positive control), and test groups (125mg/KgBW; 250mg/KgBW and 375mg/KgBW). The treatment duration was 18 days, with the induction of the hepatitis B vaccine on days 7 and 14. An immunomodulatory activity test was conducted on the 19th day, which included a macrophage phagocytosis activity test, lymphocyte proliferation, and measurement of IgG levels. The identification results showed that EEPF contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Macrophage phagocytosis activity showed that EEPF increased macrophages' phagocytosis capacity (PC) and phagocytosis index (PI). EEPF increased lymphocyte proliferation activity and IgG levels, significantly different from control and not substantially different from positive control. Collectively, EEPF increases immunomodulatory activity in vivo.

Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) or Wijaya Kusuma (Cactaceae) is an ornamental plant which is knownto contain polyphenol compounds. The purpose to determine the levels of total phenolic and flavonoidcompounds in the fractions of Wijaya Kusuma leaves using microplate-based assay. Each sample wasdetermined phenolic content with Folin-ciocalteu reagent and flavonoid content using AlCl3 on themicroplate. Absorption was measured using a microplate reader. Screening of DPPH radical scavengingactivity was identified using the TLC method. The results showed that the extract and fractions ofthe leaves of Wijaya Kusuma contained phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The ether fraction hadthe highest phenolic content (35,912±0,54776 mgGAE/g) and flavonoids (0,773±0,008 mgQE/g)compared to other fractions (ether>water>ethyl acetate fraction). There is one yellow spot with an Rfvalue of 0,85 in the ether fraction which is thought to be a compound capable of scavenging the DPPHradicals. The ether fraction of Wijaya Kusuma leaves has potential as a source of polyphenols withantioxidant activity. However, further research is needed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity in theether fraction of Wijaya Kusuma leaves.Keywords: Antioxidant, Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw, Flavonoids, Fraction, High-throughputMicroplate Assay, Phenolics.

Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) is a family of Zingiberaceae. Several studies have shown that kencur can help reduce inflammation because kencur is known to contain anti-inflammatory compounds, namely marker compounds from flavonoids, kaempferol. For the development of pharmaceutical preparations, research on anti-inflammatory plasters containing 96% ethanol extract, n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and 70% ethanol extract from ginger rhizome with the addition of penetration enhancer (enhancer), namely propylene glycol. This anti-inflammatory plaster was tested for its activity in 5 groups of Wistar strain rat feet which had been induced 1% carrageenan (negative control); positive control (diclofenac sodium), ethanol96% extract, n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and 70% ethanol extract from kencur rhizome and compared with plaster of kencur rhizome ethanol extract without enhancer. The results showed the effect of adding enhancers 30 minutes after administration. 96% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract had reduced inflammation by 79.99% in rat test animals compared to plaster ethanol extract of rhizome kencur without the addition of enhancers. Keywords :  Kaempferia galanga. L., patch, anti-inflammatory, enhancer, propylene glycol

Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) have a dominant content of citral compounds with antibacterial activity. Another plant suspected to contain antibacterial bioactive components is orange peel. Orange peel (Citrus sinensis L) contains phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonones, and polymethoxylated flavones), carotenoids, and ascorbic acid. Phenolic compounds are known to have several activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti- allergic. The aim of this research is to prove that the combination of orange peel and basil extracts has antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, which can be formulated as paper soap which is named O-Citri. This research method is experimental, involving the physical and chemical evaluation of the formulation, as well as antibacterial activity testing. The research results show that the combination of orange peel and basil extracts in the paper soap formulation has antibacterial effects. The highest concentration combination for antibacterial activity is F1 with a ratio of orange peel and basil extract at 5%:15%.

Ursodeoxycholic acid is an active compound to treat cholesterol gallstones which is included in Biopharmaceutical Classification System class II. Ursodeoxycholic acid capsule formulations have been developed by the pharmaceutical industries. Due to requirement, active ingredient testing and dissolution tests need to be routinely carried out to control quality of the drug. Therefore, aim of this study was to develop a simultaneously analytical method for assay and dissolution test. Optimum condition of analysis were using HPLC-RID, C18 column (5 µm; 3.9 x 300 mm), flow rate 1 mL/min, 50 µL volume injection, acetonitrile:buffer phosphate pH 3.0 (55:45 v/v) as mobile phase, column, detector, and sample temperature were 40 oC. This method provides good linearity in a range of 50-130 % concentration for assay and dissolution test with correlation coefficient values of 1 and 0.9995, respectively. LOD and LOQ for assay were in value of 4.892 µg/mL and 14.824 µg/mL whereas for dissolution tests in a value of 6,501 µg/mL and 19,701 µg/mL. The average percent recovery for assay and dissolution test were in a range of 100.018±0.888% and 98.936±2.124 %. Repeatability and intermediate precision of assay were obtained by determining RSD values of 0.466% and 0.279-0.483 %, while the dissolution test were 1.137% and 0.032-0.289 %. The validation show this method are linear, selective, accurate, and precise.Keywords: Assay, dissolution test, Ursodeoxycholic acid, validation

Glibenklamid merupakan obat antidiabetika golongan sulfonilurea yang umumnya dianalisis dengan metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT), kromatografi cair-spektrometri massa, elektroforesis kapiler dan spektrofotometri ultraviolet-visibel. Analisis menggunakan instrumen membutuhkan pretreatment sampel, diantaranya dengan ekstraksi cair-cair dan ekstraksi fase padat atau Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). Salah satu kekurangan SPE yaitu selektivitas metode ini tergantung dari pemilihan penjerap yang didasarkan pada kemampuannya berikatan dengan analit. Kekurangan SPE tersebut diperbaiki dengan teknik Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP). SPE-MIP glibenklamid telah dibuat dengan menggunakan monomer fungsional, asam metakrilat (MAA). Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk optimasi kondisi pemisahan glibenklamid menggunakan SPE-MIP dengan monomer asam metakrilat yang telah dibuat pada penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tahapan penyiapan alat dan bahan, optimasi kondisi dan uji kesesuaian sistem KCKT, optimasi kondisi ekstraksi, validasi metode analisis, serta analisis data statistik. Hasil analisis glibenklamid kombinasi metformin yang dipreparasi dengan SPE-MIP monomer asam metakrilat memberikan hasil yang memenuhi persyaratan seperti analisis glibenklamid kombinasi metformin yang dipreparasi dengan SPE C-18. SPE C-18 dan SPE-MIP MAA berbeda nyata dalam memperoleh kondisi optimum ekstraksi glibenklamid. Kata kunci: Asam metakrilat, glibenklamid, KCKT, SPE-MIP

Pengelolaan obat di sarana kefarmasian merupakan kegiatan yang penting di perhatikan karena berhubungan dengan keberlangsungan sarana serta kepuasan pengguna obat. Penggunaan sistem informasi dalam mengelola obat dapat mempermudah pekerjaan serta menjadikan hal tersebut efektif dan efisien. Terutama dalam kegiatan perencanaan dan pengendalian persediaan farmasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membangun sistem informasi dalam perencanaan jumlah obat dan mengendalikan persediaan farmasi di sarana kefarmasian dengan metode EOQ dan ROP. Pembangunan sistem informasi ini menggunakan bahasa pemprograman PHP dan untuk databasenya menggunakan MySQL. Metode yang digunakan dalam aplikasi ini adalah metode waterfall. Kesesuaian hasil perhitungan nilai perencanaan, EOQ dan ROP dibandingkan dengan menggunakan perhitungan melalui excel. Pengujian fungsionalitas aplikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan blackbox testing kepada beberapa responden. Sistem informasi berbasis web yang telah dibangun memiliki empat menu utama yaitu data obat, stok obat, ramalan perencanaan obat dengan metode konsumsi, pengendalian persediaan dengan metode EOQ ROP. Nilai jumlah perencanan obat, EOQ dan ROP menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai dengan dibandingkan perhitungan menggunakan excel. Sistem informasi berbasis web dapat digunakan dengan baik dan memberikan hasil yang sesuai seperti perhitungan secara manual dan excel.

Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease due to impaired cell function β-pancreas in insulin production causing hyperglycemics accompanied by microvascular complications such as diabetic ulcers. This condition is aggravated by bacterial contamination, one of which is Salmonella spp. The use of natural ingredients that have the potential for the treatment of diabetic ulcers is the mangosteen plant (Garcinia mangostana L.), so the identification of Salmonella spp in diabetic ulcers and testing the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate and n-hexan leaves and mangosteen stem skins is carried out. The method started from the stage of bacterial identification using selective media, gram staining, biochemical testing, and antibacterial activity tests by diffusion of discs. Results showed that Salmonella spp was positif in SSA-specific media, biochemical tests, red bacteria, rod-shaped. Antibiotic sensitivity tests obtained by ciprofloxacin had the strongest activity of 30.20±1.37mm. The largest antibacterial activity result at a concentration of 100% obtained the ethyl acetate fraction of mangosteen leaves is 17.30±0.5mm compared to the fraction of n-hexane leaves of 8.81±0.32mm, ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexan mangosteen stem skin of 13.28±0.95mm, 7.42±0.45mm

Radikal bebas memiliki efek menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan sel dalam tubuh sebagai pemicu berbagai penyakit. Antioksidan diketahui memiliki kemampuan untuk meredam radikal bebas. Telah dilakukan penelitian potensi aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak kental dan fraksi daun kopi robusta (Coffea robusta). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70 % selama 3 x 5 hari pada suhu ruangan, diperoleh ekstrak kental dengan rendemen 15,9 % b/b. Fraksinasi dilakukan dengan pelarut berdasarkan perbedaan kepolaran diperoleh fraksi n-heksan, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air. Uji antioksidan menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer Uv-Vis dengan metode penghambatan radikal bebas DPPH (2,2-Difenil-1-Pikrilhidrazil) terhadap ekstrak kental dan fraksi n-heksan, etil asetat dan air pada beberapa konsentrasi, yaitu 100 ppm, 80 ppm, 60 ppm, 40 ppm, 20 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penghambatan radikal bebas (% Inhibisi) ekstrak dan fraksi meningkat sesuai peningkatan konsentrasi uji. Nilai % Inhibisi ekstrak kental, fraksi n-heksan, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air, pada konsentrasi 100 ppm berturut-turut adalah 93,7 %, 95,56 %, 69,54 % dan 61,28 %. Hasil perhitungan IC50 yang diperoleh untuk ekstrak kental adalah 43,83 ppm, fraksi n-heksan adalah 38,32 ppm, fraksi etil asetat adalah 37,07 ppm dan fraksi air adalah 73,62 ppm.

Tuberculosis remains a major public health concern due to emerging cases of drug resistance. To overcome this issue, the effectiveness of antitubercular medications must be reinforced. One of the methods that can be used is using active targeting, which involves small molecules that bind to a specific receptor. In this research, we study the potential of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) folate to be used as the targeting agent against the GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) cell-surface receptor, a common virulence factor found on many pathogenic bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We conducted this research using computational methods, specifically molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Based on the evaluation of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results, NHS-folate is predicted to have a huge potential to be an active targeting agent against the GAPDH receptor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Alphitonia incana (Roxb.) Teijsm. & Binn. ex Kurz locally known as Balik Angin in Borneo Island is one of the endemic plants that have the potential to be an alternative antibacterial agent. Balik Angin leaves contain secondary metabolites that have to play a role to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. This study aimed to compare the different extraction solvents which are methanol and ethanol on the maceration of Balik Angin leaves in producing antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The leaves were macerated using methanol and ethanol respectively. Antibacterial assay was carried out by the Well diffusion method. The results showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract which is 3.2% has a diameter of clear zone of 9.475±0.311 mm. Meanwhile, the methanolic extract with a similar MIC has a lower diameter of clear zone of 2.55±0.85 mm. The results correlate with the number of secondary metabolites groups that were identified based on phytochemical screening in ethanol extract containing alkaloid, phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and phytosteroid, however, methanol extract not containing alkaloid. The conclusion of this study is ethanol solvent more effective to extract secondary metabolites from Balik Angin leaves compare to methanol solvent, so that can produce more powerful anti-Propionibacterium acnes activity.

The aim of this research was to isolation of mucilage from gedi leaf (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) and characterized physicochemical properties. The isolation result was yellowish brown powder that swelling and dissolves slowly in water, but does not dissolve in ethanol, methanol, acetone and ether. The yield is 1.33%. Swelling index value 100% and viscosity 28 ± 2.65 mpas, pH 7.1. Proximate analysis showed 10.46% water content, 38.80% ash, 14.66% protein, 0.69% fat, 35.38% carbohydrate Water holding capacity (WHC) and  oil holding capacity (OHC) of musilago are respectively 4.23 ± 0.18 and 0.65 ± 0.14. Viscosity, Swelling index, WHC and OHC mucilage gedi leaf  may be considered as pharmaceutical excipients.Keywords: Mucilage, Abelmoschus manihot, swelling, viscosity

Monascus purpureus red yeast rice (MpRYR), popularly known as angkak, is a Chinese fermented rice health product. The red pigments and monacolin K contained in MpRYR are sensitive to various factors, including acidity, temperature, oxidation, and light; thus, MpRYR is unstable and susceptible to damage during storage and processing. It was reported that monacolin K in red yeast rice solution was easily degraded under thermal treatment at 85–121°C, and the absorbance of MpRYR extract increased at an alkaline pH. This work aimed to study the effects of pH on the stability of pigment extract  MpRYR. MPRYR was purchased from Raja Godhong herbal supplier and extracted with 70% ethanol for 3 × 24 h. The resulting MpRYR extracts were subjected to various pH conditions, and the pH and absorbance were measured, and the degradation rate of MpRYR extracts was calculated. The initial pH of MpRYR extract is 5.75, which increased to 5.97 (+3.82%) at 3 h. The MpRYR extract was more stable in an acidic medium with a degradation rate of 3.80% at 3 h. Research results suggest that acidic conditions are preferable for storing and formulating MpRYR-based products to preserve their functional efficacy.

Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) merupakan salah tanaman asli Indonesia yang berpotensi sebagai obat dan memiliki senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi berbagai bagian tanaman sebagai antioksidan dengan metode DPPH. Simplisia diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etil astetat. Identifikasi golongan senyawa dilakukan dengan skrining fitokimia menggunakan reagen kimia sedangkan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode peredaman radikal DPPH menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 515 nm. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa semua ekstrak etil asetat dari berbagai bagian tanaman mengandung senyawa flavonoid, fenolik dan tannin. Pengujian aktivitas menunjukkan ekstrak etil asetat daun kesambi memiliki aktivitas antioksidan paling baik dengan nilai IC50 5,4952 μg/mL, dibandingkan dengan kulit batang (14,3621 μg/mL), akar (43,4159 μg/mL), kulit buah (159,8782 μg/mL) dan daging buah (167,2912 μg/mL). Ekstrak etil asetat berbagai bagian tanaman kesambi memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan urutan paling baik yaitu daun, kulit batang, akar, kulit buah, dan daging buah. Adanya profil bioaktivitas tersebut dapat memberikan informasi tambahan terhadap kekuatan atioksidan pada berbagai bagian tanaman kesambi yang belum dilaporkan pada penelitian sebelumnya sehingga dapat dikembangkan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut.

Sweet orange contains flavonoids and citric acid that have the potential as a capping agent in the nanosilver biosynthesis process. The antibacterial activity of silver can be increased in nanoparticles, then it can be applied to treat acne through a peel-off mask preparation. Glycerin and Polyethylene glycol 400 are humectants that combined to obtain good physicochemical properties of the preparation. This study aims to determine the character of nanosilver biosynthesis and the effect of humectant combination on the physicochemical properties of the preparation. The characterization of nanosilver was employed by UV-VIS Spectrophotometry, Particle Size Analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscope. The Glycerin- PEG 400 combination was F1 (0:100%); F2 (25:75%); F3 (50:50%); F4 (75:25%) and F5 (100:0%). The results of nanosilver biosynthesis have an absorption peak of nanoparticles at 421-423nm, rod shape, the particle size of 83.2±7.2nm. Statistical analysis showed that the combination of Glycerin- PEG 400 had a significant effect on organoleptic, viscosity, and dry time, but did not affect the pH of preparation. The combination of Glycerin-PEG 400 (75%:25%) is the best formula because it has stable viscosity, dry time, and pH value during storage for four weeks.Keywords: nanosilver, biosynthesis, Citrus sinensis, humectants, peel off mask

Benalu mangga (Dendrophthoe petandra L. Miq.) merupakan obat tradisional yang dapat berkembang menjadi obat herbal terstandar. Pembuktian secara ilmiah mengenai keamanannya penting untuk diketahui, salah satu caranya melalui uji toksisitas akut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai toksisitas akut (LD50), tingkat keamanan ekstrak etanol herba benalu mangga, dan gejala klinis yang ditimbulkannya. Mencit dibagi dalam kelompok kontrol dan kelompok uji dengan lima variasi dosis (4, 8, 16, 32, 64 g/kg berat badan mencit) diberikan secara per oral. Hasil penelitian menggunakan metode analisis probit pada mencit jantan dan betina menunjukkan tingkat keamanan ekstrak etanol herba benalu mangga tidak toksik berdasarkan klasifikasi toksisitas Harmita dan Radji, yakni berada pada rentang dosis > 15 g/kg berat badan tikus. LD50 mencit jantan sebesar 34,28 g/kg berat badan atau setara dengan dosis 23,99 g/kg berat badan tikus, sedangkan pada mencit betina sebesar 22,41 g/kg berat badan atau setara dengan dosis 15,69 g/kg berat badan tikus. Hasil skrining farmakologi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol herba benalu mangga menimbulkan pengaruh pada sistem saraf pusat yaitu menurunkan efek retablismen dan gelantung pada mencit jantan, serta memberikan efek katalepsi pada mencit betina.Kata kunci: Ekstrak etanol Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq., toksisitas akut, nilai LD50

The field of nanotechnology focuses on systems at the nanometer scale. Nanotechnology is used in the medical field for drug development, medical imaging, and gene therapy. One application of nanotechnology is nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have sizes in the nanometer range, with a scale of 1 to 100 nm. Nanoparticles can be designed to stimulate the immune system and improve the immune response. Literature study using research articles from national and international journals the application Publish or Perish 8 based on the keywords "Immunostimulants, Nanotechnology, nanoparticle, gold nanoparticle, and silver nanoparticle." Based on searching various literature studies, it is proven that nanoparticle preparations can increase immunostimulants with various testing instruments that are often found, namely FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared), WHICH (Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), HE HAS (Transmission Electron Microscopy), particle size, zeta potential, and spectroscopy UV-visible. Nanoparticles can be an effective drug delivery system and can help maintain the immune system in the body.