Java Island is a region of frequent earthquakes with varying strength. Most of destructive earthquakes measuring over 5.6 on the Richter Scale, as a shallow earthquake with a depth of less than 30 KM. On land, the earthquake can damage a variety of infrastructure and endanger lives. At ocean, earthquakes tend to be a potential tsunami. The tsunami that ever happens is in the south of Pangandaran beach on July 27, 2006. To reduce the impact of the earthquake disaster, the identification and mitigation is required. In the identification of the earthquake in the mainland, the earthquake potential of fault-lines are shown on a large faults, there are: Earthquake's Row of Zone Bayah, Earthquake Row of Baribis Zone, Earthquake Row of Cimandiri Zone, Earthquake Row of Lembang Zone, Earthquake Row of Citanduy Zone. On the identification of the earthquake in the ocean, is required analysis to see the condition of the epicenter in the southern Teluk Pelabuhan Ratu. Mitigation of earthquake disaster can be done, among others through the various activities that need to be socialized, assisted by experts from various disciplines.

ABSTRAKLapangan Barumun Tengah adalah lapangan yang baru dikembangkan semenjak ditemukannya potensi hidrokarbon pada sumur eksplorasi BT-1 pada lapisan batupasir A dan B tahun 1984. Pengambilan data baru berupa sumur pengembangan dan seismik 3D dapat digunakan untuk melihat pola sebaran lateral dan geometri batupasir yang sesuai dengan model lingkungan pengendapan yang diajukan, sehingga diperlukan studi lebih lanjut untuk memahami tipe fasies, distribusi lateral, geometri dan kualitas reservoir pada reservoir batupasir A. Kelompok Sihapas berumur Awal Miosen menindih tidakselaras terhadap Formasi Pematang. Formasi ini mengandung batupasir dengan ukuran butir medium-coarse dan batulempung yang diendapkan pada delta plain- delta front. Ketebalan pada Formasi Lower Sihapas di sumur BT-1 adalah 130 kaki dan terdapat 4 batupasir individu berukuran 40kaki, 8kaki, 30kaki, dan 10kaki masing-masing. Sedangkan pada sumur BT-2 ketebalan Lower Sihapas 150kaki dengan 4 batupasir individu juga masing-masing 53kaki, 23kaki, 5kaki, 22kaki. Berdasarkan deskripsi litofasies, maka dapat diinterpretasikan asosiasi fasies yang terdapat pada sumur BT-3 terdiri dari dua asosiasi fasies (genetic unit). Kata kunci: Fasies,Formasi Menggala, Sumatera Tengah ABSTRACTBarumun Tengah is one of newly developed field since the discovery of hidrocarbon potential in BT-1 Well on Sand A and B in 1984. Newly well and seismic data taken was able to determinate the geometry and lateral distribution of the sand facies. But the new integrated study to understand the facies type is needed. The Early Miocene Sihapas group was deposited unconformitely the Older Pematang Group, Consist of medium to coarse sandstone and shale deposited in delta plain to delta front environment. Thickness of the sand in BT-1 sand is aproximately 130 ft in total with 4 separated sandstone layer, from bottom to top 40ft, 8 ft, 30ft, and 10ft. while thickness in BT-2 Well 53ft, 23ft, 5ft, and 22ft respectively.  Based on litofacies description, there are two genetic unit can be found. Keyword: Facies, Menggala Formation, Central Sumatera

Foraminifera merupakan organisme yang hidup secara akuatik, uniseluler, memiliki satu atau lebih kamar-kamar yang terpisah satu sama lainnya yang dipisahkan oleh sekat-sekat (septa) yang ditembusi oleh lubang-lubang halus (foramen). Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan paleosalinitas berdasarkan kelimpahan foraminifera bentonik kecil pada Core JPA 07-04 di Perairan Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Data sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 20 sampel sedimen dari hasil pekerjaan lapangan yang dilakukan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis kuantitatif berdasarkan dengan kumpulan kelimpahan foraminifera bentonik kecil dengan menghitung jumlah individu serta genus setiap sampel dan genus dominansi terpilih. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa paleosalinitas daerah penelitian relatif berada pada kondisi salinitas air normal 32-40%. Perubahan paleosalinitas pada daerah perairan Jepara dapat diakibatkan oleh faktor perbedaan kedalaman, perubahan muka air laut, kondisi iklim dan kondisi tektonik Indonesia.

Luk Ulo Melange Complex is situated in Central Java, this complex is characterized by the occurrence of Tertiary and Pre-Tertiary rocks as fragments embedded in sheared clay matrix. The fragments consist of ophiolite, metamorphic, chert and carbonate rocks. This research is focused to high pressure metamorphic rock which is represented by glaucophane schist. The rocks consists of albite, augite and ferroaugite, Mg – cataphorite, glaucophane, ferrian and crossite, almandine spesartine, quartz; and rarely can be observed lawsonite, hornblende, tremolite and actinolite. The latter mineral assemblage indicates that the rock was formed at 580oC - 500oC and 14,5 - 4 kbar. Temperature and pressure obtained from glaucophane schist indicated that the rock came from the lower interval of the subduction environment and the possibility have already been in retrograde stage. This is showed by recrystallization of amphibole-glaucophane to sericite or chlorite, and chlorite after garnet. This may represent the retrograde stage in lower temperature-pressure conditions. This data explains the accretion and exhumation history of high pressure metamorphic rocks from subduction depth to the surface condition.

Kendari bay has a strategic position in Southeast Sulawesi. In this region there is a city of Kendari, the capital of the province. The unique shape is a product of the collision of tectonic plates, occupies the southeast arm of Sulawesi. There might be a strong tectonic control in the region. The up lift process continues sustainable, evidence was also recorded in the landscape. The phenomenon morphotectonic show unique patterns that are easily recognizable on remote sensing data. The data used in this study is derived from SRTM imagery. Besides lineament associated with geological structure, the DEM can also be obtained from that image. Sun-shading technique used to clarify the appearance of lineament associated with geological structure. The lineament data plotted into a rosette diagram to determine the general trend. The lineament density data obtained by calculating the ratio of the total length of lineament in each grid of 5x5 sq km. The results showed that the morphotectonic phenomenon easily recognizable in the SRTM imagery. Sun-shading techniques can clarify lineament patterns associated with the presence of fault. Zone of lineament density increase indicates an irregular pattern and generally at the level of more than 400 meters above sea level, located in the northern and southern approached Wolasi Mountains. At an elevation of less than 400 meters above sea level, low lineament density between 0 to 8 km /sq km. This phenomenon indicates that the area has undergone a process of denudation. Lineament pattern trending NE-SW reflect the release of the compression process LAWANOPO shear fault trending NW-SE. Keywords: Morphotectonic, SRTM image, lineament, GIS, Kendari Bay Teluk kendari memilki nilai strategis di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Di wilayah ini terdapat Kota kendari yang merupakan ibu kota provinsi. Bentuknya yang unik merupakan produk tumbukan lempeng tektonik, berada di lengan tenggara Sulawesi. Tidak salah jika ada kontrol tektonik yang cukup kuat di wilayah ini. Proses pengangkatan secara berkesinambungan terus berlangsung, bukti-buktinya juga terekam pada bentang alam di wilayah ini. Fenomena morfotektonik menunjukkan pola-pola yang unik sehingga mudah dikenali pada data penginderaan jauh. Data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari citra SRTM.  Di samping kelurusan yang berasosiasi dengan struktur geologi, dari citra tersebut juga diperoleh DEM. Teknik sun-shading digunakan untuk memperjelas kenampakan kelurusan-kelurusan yang berasosiasi dengan struktur geologi. Data hasil interpretasi kelurusan diplot ke dalam diagram rose untuk mengetahui arah umum. Data kerapatan kelurusan diperoleh dengan cara menghitung perbandingan total panjang kelurusan dalam setiap grid yang berukuran 5x5 km2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fenomena morfotektonik mudah dikenal pada citra SRTM. Teknik sun-shading dapat memperjelas pola-pola kelurusan yang berasosiasi dengan keberadaan sesar. Zona peningkatan densitas kelurusan menunjukkan pola yang tidak teratur dan secara umum berada pada level > 400 mdpl, terdapat di bagian utara dan selatan mendekati Pegunungan Wolasi. Pada elevasi < 400 mdpl, densitas kelurusan rendah antara 0 sampai 8 km/km2. Fenomena ini menunjukkan bahwa daerah tersebut telah mengalami proses denudasi. Pola kelurusan berarah NE-SW mencerminkan realese dari proses compression sesar geser LAWANOPO berarah NW-SE.   Kata Kunci : Morfotektonik, citra SRTM, kelurusan, SIG, Teluk Kendari

Keadaan iklim dalam periode waktu tertentu dalam skala waktu geologi disebut iklim purba, dapat diketahui melalui pengukuran proksi pada periode waktu tertentu. Distribusi yang terkontrol oleh perubahan temperatur permukaan laut menjadikan foraminifera planktonik sebagai proksi biologi yang cocok dalam menentukan iklim purba. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena belum ada penelitian mengenai iklim purba pada daerah penelitian, serta menurut penelitian terdahulu terdapat perubahan keberagaman kandungan fosil foraminifera planktonik yang kemungkinan terpengaruh oleh iklim saat pengendapan Formasi Jatiluhur pada Miosen Tengah. Sebanyak 18 sampel sedimen berasal dari 7 singkapan pada wilayah Kecamatan Jatiluhur, Kabupaten Purwakarta, Jawa Barat. Dilakukan rekonstruksi penampang geologi agar diketahui urutan sampel secara stratigrafi. Berdasarkan hasil preparasi sampel sedimen menggunakan metode mekanik dan kimia serta analisis kuantitatif, ditemukan 61 spesies foraminifera planktonik dengan total individu sebanyak 305.184. Kurva kelimpahan kelompok iklim, kurva kumulatif, dan kurva perubahan iklim dibuat bertujuan untuk menentukan zona iklim berdasarkan data kumpulan dan kelimpahan spesies foraminifera planktonik. Daerah penelitian terbagi menjadi 7 zona iklim, secara keseluruhan menunjukan Formasi Jatiluhur diendapkan pada kondisi iklim hangat dengan nilai kurva berkisar antara 13,02 hingga 50,35.

Jatinangor require public facility. The facility need strength of soil bearing capacity for stable foundation in occupying each soil mass. Soil type in this area is CH ( clay of high plasticity) and MH (silt of high plasticity). Based on diagram of Cassagrande, area research reside between U-line and A-line, and soil type generally is CH, clay high plasticity.At soil which have medium-high activity, allowable soil bearing capacitry ( qa) for continuous foundation is between 31.450 until 52.884 T/m2. Soil bearing capacity ( qa) with activity number (A) show negative relationship ( R - 0.804058). Increasing soil activity caused decreasing soil baring capacity.Instruction of Environmental Monitoring Plas is done especially monitoring at condition of house building and also other medium building like drainage channel and bridge etcetera. Environmental monitoring is required as effort to anticipate damages of arising out effect of negative impact. Small damage is properly attention or improve repaired before becoming is big.

Field ‘CA’ located in the South Sumatra Basin with an area of 6433 Km2. This study aimed to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of Air Benakat Formation. Based on the results of the petrophysical analysis from well HA, BA, PA, RI and SE show the results are : Vsh cut off 0.34, Phie cut off 0.136 and SW cut off 0.59. Determination of reservoir netpay performed on HA well, that have thick of netpay 14.638 meters. The results of picking seismic horizon are time and depth structure maps of Air Benakat Formation and Gumai Formation. The map was made for determining lead in the research area. Calculation of estimated hydrocarbon reserves in the research area shows the value of OOIP is 345 MMBO.

AbstrakGunung Tangkuban Parahu adalah gunung api aktif di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang merupakan  fase termuda dari kelanjutan sistem vulkanisme Sunda-Tangkuban Parahu yang memiliki sejarah geologi yang cukup rumit dan komplek, khususnya daerah Cisalak dan sekitarnaya, Kabupaten Subang. Metode Fasies Gunungapi dapat digunakan untuk merekonstruksi peristiwa erupsi yang terjadi masa lampau dan juga dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi arah aliran apabila terjadi erupsi berikutnya. Stratigrafi vulkanik daerah penelitian dapat dibagi menjadi enam satuan yang diurutkan dari muda ke tua, yaitu: Aliran Piroklastik 1  Bukittunggul (Ba1) Holosen; Jatuhan Piroklastik Tangkuban Parahu (Tj) Holosen; Aliran Piroklastik Tangkuban Parahu (Ta) Holosen; Aliran Piroklastik 2 Bukittunggul (Ba2) Plistosen awal; Aliran Lava Bukittunggul (Bl) Plistosen awal; dan Aliran Lava Sunda (Sl) Plistosen tengah. Setelah dilakukan analisis fasies diperoleh fasies dengan endapan paling muda yang memiliki material berupa konglomerat dan fasies debris flow, pada fase selanjutnya didapatkan fasies endapan jatuhan piroklastik, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan fasies aliran prioklastik atau ignimbrit, dan fasies berikutnya adalah berupa block dan ash deposit, serta fasies terakhir dengan meterial tertua yang berlitologikan lava adalah fasies lava koheren. Dampak erupsi berupa aliran lahar, awan panas, dan material jatuhan yang terjadi di masa lalu masih sangat mungkin terjadi pada masa yang akan datang. Katakunci: Tangkuban Parahu, Fasies Gunungapi, Erupsi. AbstractTangkuban Parahu Volcano is an active volcano in West Java Province which is the youngest phase of the continuation of the Sunda-Tangkuban Parahu volcanism system which has a fairly complex and complex geological history, especially the Cisalak and surrounding areas, Subang Regency. The Volcanic Facies Method can be used to reconstruct eruption events that have occurred in the past and can also be used to predict the direction of flow when the next eruption occurs. The volcanic stratigraphy of the study area can be divided into six units which are sorted from young to old, namely: Pyroclastic Flow 1 Bukittunggul (Ba1) Holocene; Holocene Tangkuban Parahu (Tj) Pyroclastic Fall; Pyroclastic Flow Tangkuban Parahu (Ta) Holocene; Bukittunggul 2 Pyroclastic Flow (Ba2) Early Plistocene; Bukittunggul Lava Flow (Bl) Early Plistocene; and Sunda Lava Flow (SL) Middle Plistocene. After facies analysis, facies was obtained with the youngest sediment which had material in the form of conglomerates and debris flow facies, in the next phase obtained facies of pyroclastic fall deposits, then proceed with prioclastic flow facies or ignimbrite, and the next facies were blocks and ash deposits, and facies the last with the oldest meterial lava is the coherent lava facies. The impact of the eruption in the form of lava flow, hot clouds, and falling material that occurred in the past is still very likely to occur in the future. Keywords: Tangkuban Parahu, Volcano Facies, Eruption.

Daerah Gunung Sungging, yang terletak di wilayah Geopark Ciletuh–Palabuhanratu, Kabupaten Sukabumi, merupakan salah satu lokasi tersingkapnya Formasi Bentang dengan litologi yang beragam. Meskipun sebaran batuan telah diidentifikasi secara umum dalam peta geologi regional, namun kajian berbasis analisis mikroskopis terhadap karakteristik batuannya masih minim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik batuan sedimen pada bagian atas dari Formasi Bentang melalui pendekatan stratigrafi terukur dan analisis petrografi, dalam memahami lingkungan pengendapan dan proses geologi yang mempengaruhi pembentukan satuan tersebut. Litologi utama yang dijumpai terdiri atas batugamping dan batupasir karbonatan. Batugamping diklasifikasikan sebagai packstone, ditandai oleh tekstur grain-supported, sortasi sedang hingga baik, serta dominasi fragmen skeletal berupa foraminifera, alga, dan moluska, dengan pengisian matriks oleh mikrit dan semen karbonat. Sementara itu, batupasir karbonatan memiliki tekstur matrix-supported dan diklasifikasikan sebagai feldspathic wacke, dengan komposisi utama berupa feldspar, kuarsa, fragmen batuan, serta matriks lempung dan gelas vulkanik. Perbedaan karakteristik antara kedua litologi ini mencerminkan variasi energi dan suplai material dalam lingkungan pengendapan laut dangkal yang dipengaruhi oleh material biogenik dan vulkanik. Temuan ini memperkuat interpretasi terhadap dinamika fasies dan sistem sedimentasi Formasi Bentang di zona selatan Jawa Barat.

Glagah beach is a turists area of beach and lagoon on the west and the iron sand mining area on the east of Serang river embouchure in Temon Sub-District, KulonProgo District of Yogyakarta Province. Information of Serang River flow characteristics, which are also influenced by the tide of sea water would be useful for the planning of the iron sand mining, especially the impact on groundwater behavior and the management of the lagoon in relation with the estuary. The study of water flow characteristics of Serang River downstream affected by tidal sea levels have been carried out by measuring water level (TMA) in three site location, three times twenty-four hours, as well as measurements of river discharge at two points. Hydrograph analysis was then performed and the analysis of the correlation between the water level (TMA) and the river discharges. The maximum and minimum daily fluctuations occur twice a day with a three-hour span between the maximum and minimum, ie at 00.00/ 12.00 a.m or 02.00 a.m, at 12.00 p.m or at 14:0 p.m, while the minimum occurs at 06.00 a.m or 08.00 a.m and at 18:00 p.m or 20:00 p.m. The effect of sea level fluctuations on the Serang River flow is about 11.3 Km away from the estuary. Based on the result of measurement and analysis, Serang river discharge are 4 m3 per second at the upstream location (4.5 km), and 4.5 m3/second (1.3 km) from the estuary..

AbstrakGunung Gede Pangrango dan Gunung Salak merupakan gunung api strato  yang terdapat di Sukabumi Bogor merupakan daerah yang subur sehingga kawasan budidaya pertanian yang sangat subur beralih fungsi menjadi kawasan budidaya permukiman serta industri. Karakteristik batuan, kemiringan lereng, bahaya geologi, potensi air tanah, tekstur tanah, drainase, kepekaan tanah terhadap erosi dan curah hujan merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam penentuan kesesuaian lahan yang akan mengatur tata guna lahan.  pemanfaatan lahan sebagai kawasan budidaya sehingga harus diatur pemanfaatan lahannya sehingga tidak membahayakan bagi manusia serta menjaga keseimbangan alam. Gunung Salak daerah resapan terletak pada fasies medial dengan elevasi 600-900 meter di atas permukaan laut dan pada lereng Gunung Pangrango daerah resapan terletak pada fasies proksimal dengan elevasi 2058-21227 meter di atas permukaan laut.Kesesuaian lahan pada daerah lereng gunung api vulkanik di daerah penelitian meliputi wilayah limitasi di sekitar fasies sentral dan proksimal, kemudian wilayah  kendala di sekitar ujung akhir fasies proksimal kemudian wilayah limitasi pada fasies medial serta pada ujung akhir medial merupakan wilayah kendala  dan  wilayah kemungkinan di sekitar fasies distal. Kata Kunci :  gunungapi, pengembangan kawasan, kemampuan lahanabstract Cicurug area and Caringin located on the border of Sukabumi and Bogor in West Java. It is a part Mount Salak and Pangrango’s slopes, which is a volcano quarter a certainly fertile area for farming area. The very fertile farming area is then converted into residential and industrial area. Analysis of land capability in the form of rock characteristics, slope, geological hazards, water potential, soil texture, drainage, soil sensitivity to erosion and rainfall are very important in determining the suitability of land that would manage land use. Factors of natural hazards as well as water catchment areas is a limiting factor for land use as cultivated area that should be regulated so that the land use is not harmful to people as well as maintaining the balance of nature. Catchment areas in the region shows the slopes of Mount Salak catchment area lies in the medial facies with elevation of 600-900 meters above sea level and on the slopes of Mount Pangrango catchment areas located in the proximal facies with 2058-21227 meters elevation mean sea level.Key word : volcano, Area Development, Land capability

Foraminifera merupakan organisme mikroskopis yang memiliki berbagai fungsi dalam studi mikropaleontologi dan biostratigrafi. Penelitian berfokus pada pemanfaatan foraminifera planktonik dalam merekonstruksi iklim purba dari Sumur-A1 pada Zona Mandala Rembang, Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara. Penelitian menggunakan 40 sampel hasil pengeboran yang berasal dari rentang titik kedalaman 168 hingga 1116 kaki. Perhitungan kuantitatif berdasarkan kelimpahan individu dilakukan terhadap sampel yang telah dipreparasi dengan metode mekanik dan kimiawi. Rekonstruksi iklim purba mengacu pada pengelompokkan spesies peciri iklim Indo-Pasifik kala Miosen Tengah hingga Miosen Akhir dan disajikan dalam grafik iklim Spezzaferri. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pada kala Miosen Tengah hingga Miosen Akhir, Zona Mandala Rembang, Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara, memiliki 8 zona iklim yang seluruhnya menunjukkan iklim hangat dengan indikasi penghangatan dan/atau penyejukan sebagai dampak dari peristiwa iklim global Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT), semakin berkembangnya East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) dan semakin mendinginnya Antartika, serta Antarctic’s Thermal Isolation.

Geological structure of Muara Tebo area was influenced by subduction between Eurasian and India-Australian Plates. Regional tectonic of this area dominantly yield an amount of fault structure with orientation Northwest-Southeast.Structural pattern of study area dominated by dextral strike-slip and thrust fault, with orientation Northwest-Southeast. The dextral strike-slip fault represent the first structure formed (Early Tertiary) which influenced by transtensional stress. Further, on Neogene Tectonic period the structures influenced by tranversional stress system which affecting inversion. This late tectonic yield an amount of thrust fault.

Geographically, the study area is located in the Cihara Region, Lebak District, Banten Province. The purpose of this research is to determine alteration zone and  mineralization of porphyry andesite and porphyry granodiorite. The research method is fieldwork and laboratory analysis (petrography and minegraphy analysis). Result of research area, there are seven alteration zone; such as chlorite-sericite-quartz zone, chlorite-sericite-carbonate zone, chlorite-sericite-carbonate-quartz zone, sericite-quartz zone, chlorite-epidote-sericite zone, chlorite-epidote-sericite-carbonate zone, and chlorite-actinolit-biotite zone. Alteration type in research area is devided into three alteration type philic zone, phropilitic zone, and potasic zone. Ore mineral assemblages of research area are dominated by pyrite and calcopyrite according to type model mineral deposite the research area included of epithermal intermediete sulfidation and porphyry type. Keyword : Alteration, Mineralization, Ephitermal Intermediete Sulfidation, porphyry typeSecara Geografis daerah penelitian termasuk dalam Kecamatan Cihara, Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tipe alterasi dan mineralisasi daerah penelitian serta sebarannya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah pemetaan geologi dan analisis laboratorium (analisis petrografi dan minegrafi). Hasil penelitian lapangan dan analisis laboratorium daerah penelitian terbagi menjadi tujuh zona alterasi yaitu zona klorit-serisit-kuarsa, zona klorit-serisit-karbonat, zona klorit-serisit-karbonat-kuarsa, zona serisit-kuarsa, zona klorit-epidot-serisit, zona klorit-epidot-serisit-karbonat, dan zona klorit-aktinolit-biotit. Tipe alterasi daerah penelitian terbagi menjadi tiga tipe alterasi yaitu tipe alterasi filik, propilitik, dan potasik. Mineral bijih yang berkembang pada daerah penelitian didominasi oleh mineral pirit dan kalkopirit menurut model endapan mineral termasuk kedalam tipe endapan epitermal sulfida menengah dan endapan porfiri.           Kata Kunci : Alterasi, Mineralisasi, Epitermal Sulfida Menengah, endapan porfiri

Informasi model bawah permukaan dapat digunakan untuk penataan ruang dengan memahami aspek geologi dan potensi bencananya. Metode gayaberat dapat dijadikan solusi untuk mendapatkan model bawah permukaan di daerah Kaliawi yang terletak di pusat kegiatan perekonomian Kota Bandar Lampung. Pengukuran gayaberat telah dilakukan sebanyak 24 titik di Kaliawi. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data gayaberat diperoleh peta Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA) dan peta anomali regional, Kaliawi yang memiliki pola penurunan dari Tenggara ke arah Barat Laut. Nilai anomali rendah mayoritas berada di daerah Barat dan ditafsirkan merupakan batuan sedimen sedangkan anomali tinggi mayoritas berada di daerah Timur dan diduga merepresentasikan cerminan konfigurasi batuan dasar yang memiliki litologi basalt-andesit. Berdasarkan pemodelan ke depan gayaberat diperoleh nilai densitas sedimen 2.3 gr/cc dan batuan dasar (basalt-andesit) dengan nilai densitas 2.8 gr/cc. Nilai anomali gayaberat yang rendah berpotensi menjadi akuifer. Nilai anomali gayaberat yang rendah juga merupakan zona lemah dan rawan terjadi gerakan massa tanah. Sehingga untuk penataan ruang Kaliawi, daerah Barat direkomendasikan sebagai zona konservasi dan sedikit permukiman sedangkan daerah Timur dapat digunakan menjadi area permukiman penduduk.Kata Kunci: Gayaberat, perkotaan, Kaliawi

Monitoring suspended load transport flowing in to Saguling Reservoir has been conducted from August 2005 to January 2006 by means of measurements : water level, discharge, and suspensions of Upper Citarum River at Station Nanjung and its main tributaries at six other stations: Cikapundung, Cikeruh, Citarik, Cirasea, Cisangkuy, and Ciwidey River. Discharge and sediment suspension rating curve was made than compared with which measured and analyzed by the Institute of Ecology Padjadjaran University in 1982 and that also reported by Dewanti 1983. The results indicated that trend of sediment suspension transports was not significantly difference between that in 1982, although since 1992, total sediment depositions in the reservoir was slightly increase above deposition plan (4 million m3 per year). During the last seventy half years, the total deposition sediment was 67,832,078 m3, the life storage capacity was 167,689,000 m3. By using the assumptions of steady rate of deposition in the reservoir, the remaining operational age of Saguling reservoir was 25 years. The conclusions is that the life time of Saguling Reservoir for electric power generation still in plan. To halt worsening conditions of erosion rate in the Upper Citarum Watershed and sediment transport pattern in to the Saguling reservoir, integrated planning of watershed management system should be taken in to account..

Research area administratively located in Binuang district, Tapin Regencies, South Kalimantan Province. Geographically located in coordinate 115° 3' 40,359" East Longitude until 115° 15' 49,871" East Longitude and 3° 1' 7,068" South Latitude 3° 16' 10,038" South Latitude. Based on its physiography aspect, the research area is part of Barito Basin. The object of these research area the geological structures which is focused on the measurement of the fractures on rocks which represents each present tectonic periods, which is used for determining force and the tectonic pattern in the research area. As seen from the field data, it is known that the geological structures available in the research area are anticline, sincline, fracture, sinistral wrench fault, and reverse fault. The tectonic evolution on the research area begins during rifting which continues since Pra-tersier until Eosen with NE-SW direction, resulting the reverse faults with the fault surface estimated to be NW-SE direction, during Pliosen period reactivation of older faults happened on research area. The tectonic process changed into compression with NW-SE direction.

Sebagai satu-satunya sekutu tradisional yang dimiliki Rusia di luar lingkungannya sendiri, Suriah telah menjadi salah satu pertimbangan dalam kebijakan luar negeri Rusia. Ketika Suriah dilanda konflik, Rusia telah mengerahkan berbagai dukungan penting terhadap rezim Assad. Upaya mempertahankan rezim Assad memaksa Rusia untuk menggunakan kebijakan militer di Suriah.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan fenomena kebijakan militer Rusia dalam keterlibatannya di Suriah. Dalam menganalisis, peneliti menggunakan teori kebijakan luar negeri. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan  bahwa kebijakan militer Rusia terhadap Suriah ditenggarai oleh faktor Bashar Al-Assad. Situasi konflik yang semakin mengancam eksistensi rezim Assad direspon Rusia dengan tindakan militer. Pada akhirnya tindakan militer Rusia berhasil mempertahankan Assad dari ancaman pelengseran. As the only traditional ally that Russia has outside of its own neighborhood, Syria has been a consideration in Russian foreign policy. As Syria has been engulfed in conflict, Russia has mobilized important support for the Assad regime. Efforts to defend the Assad regime compelled Russia to intervene militarily in Syria.The purpose of this study is to explain the phenomenon of Russia's military policy in Syria.In analyzing foreign policy, researchers use foreign policy theory. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative. This research shows that Russia's military policy towards Syria is driven by the Bashar al-Assad factor. The conflict situation that increasingly threatened the existence of the Assad regime was responded to by Russia with military action. In the end, Russia's military action succeeded in defending Assad from the threat of ouster.

This study explores the strategy of the Government of Indonesia in conducting face-to-face learning in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic and investigates its effectiveness. The government finally implemented a face-to-face learning policy for elementary to high school students in 2021 in response to the decline of the COVID-19 confirmed cases in the country. Still, this policy has implications for the emergence of a new COVID-19 cluster that threatens children, as happened in the increasing number of children affected by COVID-19 from 13% in July 2021 to 15% in August 2021 children were infected. This research conducts a desk review and content analysis of policies related to face-to-face learning strategies. The result finds that the government has made policy transitions since the COVID-19 pandemic emerged from online learning policies to gradual face-to-face learning involving various national and local actors playing a crucial role in the implementation of face-to-face learning. The policy implementations face several obstacles, such as the lack of readiness of school infrastructure and the disparity of the community literacy toward COVID-19 pandemic include students and parents. This study concludes that the government adapts to the COVID-19 pandemic development in developing education sector strategies but still requires necessary improvements. This study reveals that face-to-face learning strategies are required to create a new strategy that applies to all students and schools, improve existing school health infrastructure, and conduct socialization activities related to face-to-face learning.