ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan pengukuran geolistrik Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) dengan 33 titik sounding untuk mengidentifikasi geometri akuifer yang terdapat di kampus ITERA. Konfigurasi yang digunakan pada pengukuran Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) adalah konfigurasi Schlumberger. Karena target penelitian ini adalah akuifer dengan variasi kedalaman dari permukaan hingga lebih dari 100 meter di bawah permukaan sehingga panjang garis pengukuran dibuat bervariasi, nilai minimum dan maksimum AB / 2 masing-masing adalah 2 dan 150 meter. Sedangkan perubahan MN / 2 dilakukan tiga (3) kali (0.5, 2, dan 10 meter). Hasil pengolahan data geolistrik Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) dikorelasikan dengan data sekunder berupa data sumur electrical logging resistivity dan Spontanous Potential (SP). Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) yang dikorelasikan dengan data sumur electrical logging resistivity dan Spontanous Potential (SP), daerah kampus ITERA memiliki potensi akuifer bebas (unconfined aquifer) dan akuifer tertekan (confined aquifer). Akuifer bebas diduga merupakan batuan tuff dengan nilai resistivitas tinggi (>80 Ωm) yang ditemukan pada kedalaman dangkal (< 5 meter dari permukaan). Akuifer tertekan diduga merupakan pasir tuffan dengan nilai resistivitas menengah (20 – 80 Ωm) ditemukan pada kedalaman dalam (>75 m dari permukaan).Kata kunci: Akuifer, VES, Electrical Logging, ITERAABSTRACTGeoelectric measurements of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) have been carried out with 33 sounding points to identify the geometry of aquifers at the ITERA campus. Sounding technique with Schlumberger configuration is applied to collect the data. Since the target of this study is aquifers with variations of depth from surface up to more than 100 meters beneath the surface therefor the length of the line measurement was made varied, the minimum and maximum of AB / 2 are 2 and 150 meters respectively. The changes of MN / 2 are carried out three (3) times (0.5, 2 and 10 meters). The results of processing Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data were correlated with secondary data in the form of electrical well data logging resistivity and Spontanous Potential (SP). Based on the results of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data processing correlated with electrical well logging data on resistivity and Spontanous Potential (SP), the ITERA campus area has the potential of unconfined aquifers and confined aquifers. Unconfined aquifers are thought to be tuff with a high resistivity value (> 80 Ωm) which are found at shallow depths (<5 meters above the surface). The confined aquifer is thought to be tuffaceous sandstone with an intermediate resistivity value (20 - 80 Ωm) found at deep depth (> 75 m from the surface).Keyword: Aquifer, VES, Electrical Logging, ITERA

Research area administratively located in Binuang district, Tapin Regencies, South Kalimantan Province. Geographically located in coordinate 115° 3' 40,359" East Longitude until 115° 15' 49,871" East Longitude and 3° 1' 7,068" South Latitude 3° 16' 10,038" South Latitude. Based on its physiography aspect, the research area is part of Barito Basin. The object of these research area the geological structures which is focused on the measurement of the fractures on rocks which represents each present tectonic periods, which is used for determining force and the tectonic pattern in the research area. As seen from the field data, it is known that the geological structures available in the research area are anticline, sincline, fracture, sinistral wrench fault, and reverse fault. The tectonic evolution on the research area begins during rifting which continues since Pra-tersier until Eosen with NE-SW direction, resulting the reverse faults with the fault surface estimated to be NW-SE direction, during Pliosen period reactivation of older faults happened on research area. The tectonic process changed into compression with NW-SE direction.

Monitoring suspended load transport flowing in to Saguling Reservoir has been conducted from August 2005 to January 2006 by means of measurements : water level, discharge, and suspensions of Upper Citarum River at Station Nanjung and its main tributaries at six other stations: Cikapundung, Cikeruh, Citarik, Cirasea, Cisangkuy, and Ciwidey River. Discharge and sediment suspension rating curve was made than compared with which measured and analyzed by the Institute of Ecology Padjadjaran University in 1982 and that also reported by Dewanti 1983. The results indicated that trend of sediment suspension transports was not significantly difference between that in 1982, although since 1992, total sediment depositions in the reservoir was slightly increase above deposition plan (4 million m3 per year). During the last seventy half years, the total deposition sediment was 67,832,078 m3, the life storage capacity was 167,689,000 m3. By using the assumptions of steady rate of deposition in the reservoir, the remaining operational age of Saguling reservoir was 25 years. The conclusions is that the life time of Saguling Reservoir for electric power generation still in plan. To halt worsening conditions of erosion rate in the Upper Citarum Watershed and sediment transport pattern in to the Saguling reservoir, integrated planning of watershed management system should be taken in to account..

Informasi model bawah permukaan dapat digunakan untuk penataan ruang dengan memahami aspek geologi dan potensi bencananya. Metode gayaberat dapat dijadikan solusi untuk mendapatkan model bawah permukaan di daerah Kaliawi yang terletak di pusat kegiatan perekonomian Kota Bandar Lampung. Pengukuran gayaberat telah dilakukan sebanyak 24 titik di Kaliawi. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data gayaberat diperoleh peta Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA) dan peta anomali regional, Kaliawi yang memiliki pola penurunan dari Tenggara ke arah Barat Laut. Nilai anomali rendah mayoritas berada di daerah Barat dan ditafsirkan merupakan batuan sedimen sedangkan anomali tinggi mayoritas berada di daerah Timur dan diduga merepresentasikan cerminan konfigurasi batuan dasar yang memiliki litologi basalt-andesit. Berdasarkan pemodelan ke depan gayaberat diperoleh nilai densitas sedimen 2.3 gr/cc dan batuan dasar (basalt-andesit) dengan nilai densitas 2.8 gr/cc. Nilai anomali gayaberat yang rendah berpotensi menjadi akuifer. Nilai anomali gayaberat yang rendah juga merupakan zona lemah dan rawan terjadi gerakan massa tanah. Sehingga untuk penataan ruang Kaliawi, daerah Barat direkomendasikan sebagai zona konservasi dan sedikit permukiman sedangkan daerah Timur dapat digunakan menjadi area permukiman penduduk.Kata Kunci: Gayaberat, perkotaan, Kaliawi

ABSTRACTThe Sangkulirang–Mangkalihat Karst in East Kalimantan represents one of the largest karst landscapes in Southeast Asia, characterized by complex carbonate formations, extensive cave systems, and significant ecological and archaeological values. The sustainability of this karst system is not only controlled by its carbonate lithology but also strongly influenced by the surrounding buffer landscape, which functions as a recharge area regulating hydrological processes. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest cover within the karst buffer landscape during the period 1990–2020 and to evaluate its implications for karst management. The analysis was conducted using multitemporal Landsat imagery processed through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, including cloud masking, median composite generation, and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI)–based classification. Forest cover was identified using a NDMI derived from near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands, and spatial extent was calculated for each observation year. The results indicate that forest cover experienced significant fluctuations over the study period. Forest area decreased from 438,259 ha in 1990 to 419,807 ha in 1995 and reached its lowest extent of 181,608 ha in 2000, indicating a period of intensive deforestation. Subsequently, forest cover gradually recovered to 330,405 ha in 2005, remained relatively stable at 313,495 ha in 2010, and increased to 354,042 ha in 2015 and 445,208 ha in 2020, surpassing its initial condition. Spatial analysis reveals that forest loss was predominantly concentrated in non-karst areas located in the southern and southeastern parts of the study area, which are characterized by sedimentary lithology, gentler morphology, and higher accessibility. In contrast, forest cover within carbonate karst areas remained relatively stable due to steep topography, high permeability, and limited land-use suitability. These findings highlight the critical role of buffer landscapes in maintaining karst system stability, particularly in regulating infiltration processes and protecting hydrological balance. The study emphasizes that effective karst management should adopt an integrated landscape approach that includes both core karst zones and surrounding buffer areas. This is consistent with the designation of the Sangkulirang–Mangkalihat region as geological heritage under Ministerial Decree No. 187.K/GL.01/MEM.G/2024, which provides a regulatory framework for sustainable karst conservation and geopark development.Keywords: Sangkulirang Karst, forest cover change, buffer landscape, Google Earth Engine, karst management ABSTRAKKawasan Karst Sangkulirang–Mangkalihat di Kalimantan Timur merupakan salah satu bentang alam karst terbesar di Asia Tenggara yang memiliki kompleksitas geologi tinggi, sistem gua yang luas, serta nilai ekologis dan arkeologis yang penting. Keberlanjutan sistem karst tidak hanya ditentukan oleh litologi karbonat, tetapi juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lanskap penyangga yang berfungsi sebagai daerah imbuhan air dan pengontrol proses hidrologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika spasial dan temporal tutupan hutan pada lanskap penyangga karst selama periode 1990–2020 serta implikasinya terhadap pengelolaan kawasan karst. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan citra Landsat multitemporal berbasis Google Earth Engine (GEE) melalui tahapan masking awan, komposit median, dan klasifikasi berbasis Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI). Identifikasi tutupan hutan dilakukan menggunakan NDMI yang sensitif terhadap kandungan air berbasis kanal near-infrared (NIR) dan shortwave infrared (SWIR), kemudian luas tutupan hutan dihitung untuk setiap periode pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tutupan hutan mengalami dinamika fluktuatif selama periode pengamatan. Luas hutan menurun dari 438.259 ha pada tahun 1990 menjadi 419.807 ha pada tahun 1995, dan mencapai titik terendah sebesar 181.608 ha pada tahun 2000 yang mencerminkan fase deforestasi intensif. Setelah periode tersebut, tutupan hutan mengalami pemulihan bertahap hingga mencapai 330.405 ha pada tahun 2005, relatif stabil pada 313.495 ha pada tahun 2010, dan meningkat menjadi 354.042 ha pada tahun 2015 serta 445.208 ha pada tahun 2020 melampaui kondisi awal. Analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa perubahan tutupan hutan lebih dominan terjadi pada wilayah non-karbonat di bagian selatan dan tenggara yang memiliki morfologi lebih landai dan aksesibilitas tinggi. Sebaliknya, kawasan karst berbatuan karbonat menunjukkan tutupan hutan yang relatif stabil akibat topografi terjal dan keterbatasan pemanfaatan lahan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa lanskap penyangga memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga stabilitas sistem karst, terutama dalam mengontrol proses infiltrasi dan keseimbangan hidrologi. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan kawasan karst perlu dilakukan secara terpadu dengan mempertimbangkan keterkaitan antara zona inti karst dan lanskap penyangganya. Hal ini sejalan dengan penetapan kawasan sebagai warisan geologi melalui Kepmen ESDM No. 187.K/GL.01/MEM.G/2024 yang menjadi dasar dalam pengelolaan karst secara berkelanjutan.Kata Kunci : Karst Sangkulirang, tutupan hutan, lanskap penyangga, Google Earth Engine, pengelolaan karst

Geographically, the study area is located in the Cihara Region, Lebak District, Banten Province. The purpose of this research is to determine alteration zone and  mineralization of porphyry andesite and porphyry granodiorite. The research method is fieldwork and laboratory analysis (petrography and minegraphy analysis). Result of research area, there are seven alteration zone; such as chlorite-sericite-quartz zone, chlorite-sericite-carbonate zone, chlorite-sericite-carbonate-quartz zone, sericite-quartz zone, chlorite-epidote-sericite zone, chlorite-epidote-sericite-carbonate zone, and chlorite-actinolit-biotite zone. Alteration type in research area is devided into three alteration type philic zone, phropilitic zone, and potasic zone. Ore mineral assemblages of research area are dominated by pyrite and calcopyrite according to type model mineral deposite the research area included of epithermal intermediete sulfidation and porphyry type. Keyword : Alteration, Mineralization, Ephitermal Intermediete Sulfidation, porphyry typeSecara Geografis daerah penelitian termasuk dalam Kecamatan Cihara, Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tipe alterasi dan mineralisasi daerah penelitian serta sebarannya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah pemetaan geologi dan analisis laboratorium (analisis petrografi dan minegrafi). Hasil penelitian lapangan dan analisis laboratorium daerah penelitian terbagi menjadi tujuh zona alterasi yaitu zona klorit-serisit-kuarsa, zona klorit-serisit-karbonat, zona klorit-serisit-karbonat-kuarsa, zona serisit-kuarsa, zona klorit-epidot-serisit, zona klorit-epidot-serisit-karbonat, dan zona klorit-aktinolit-biotit. Tipe alterasi daerah penelitian terbagi menjadi tiga tipe alterasi yaitu tipe alterasi filik, propilitik, dan potasik. Mineral bijih yang berkembang pada daerah penelitian didominasi oleh mineral pirit dan kalkopirit menurut model endapan mineral termasuk kedalam tipe endapan epitermal sulfida menengah dan endapan porfiri.           Kata Kunci : Alterasi, Mineralisasi, Epitermal Sulfida Menengah, endapan porfiri

Ultisols is a soil order with low available P. Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes is a group of microorganisms that has the ability to release P for plants. The aim of this experiment was to determine effect of phosphate solubilizing microbes and P fertilizer on soil aggregate stability, PSF population and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) on Ultisols. This research was conducted from May 2016 to August 2016 at Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. This research was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisted of 9 treatments with 3 replications. The treatments were 100 kg ha-1 of SP-36 fertilizer, 50 kg ha-1 of biofertilizer, as well as combination of SP-36 fertilizer (50% and 100%) with the dose of biofertilizer (50%, 100% and 150%). This experiment showed that the combination of biofertilizer and P fertilizer gave significant effect on the population of PSF and yield of maize, but not for stability of soil aggregates. The application of SP-36 50 kg ha-1 and 50 kg ha-1 PSM combination gave higher population of PSF and yield of maize.Keywords:  Biofertilizer, maize, phosphate- solubizing fungi, aggregate stability, Ultisols

One of the way to use green tea factory waste (tea fluff) as a source of plant nutrients is in the form of compost. The aim of this research was to get the appropriate composition of composting of green tea factory waste using a combination of EM4 and cow manure and composted for 5 weeks (35 days). This research was designed in randomized block with 6 treatments and four replications. Compositions of tea fluff and manure compost consisted of: P1 = Control; P2 = Tea Fluff + cow manure (1: 1); P3 = Tea Fluff + cow manure (1: 2); P4 = Tea Fluff + cow manure (1: 3); P5 = Tea Fluff + cow manure (2: 1); and P6 = Tea Fluff + cow manure (3: 1). Data related to composting process such as physical quality (color, texture, and odor) and chemical analysis (pH, C-organic, N-total and C/N ratio) were taken. Based on the results of daily temperature and pH fluctuations, composting proces ran normally. Based on the results of chemical analysis, the parameters of pH, organic C and N-total compost showed significant differences. Within 5 weeks, all compost parameters that have been analyzed chemically and the results has fulfilled the quality standards according SNI 19-7030-2004 standard. Combination of tea fluff:cow manure (3: 1) showed the highest C-organic and N-total results among all treatments.

As a staple in Indonesian diet, rice demand increase along with the population growth. Therefore, in order to fulfill the continuous increase, researches were conducted to increase land productivity. The increase of growth and productivity of upland rice with the application of Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp. in compost, Azolla, and rice bran carrier were studied. Nitrogen fixer were applied as a biofertiliser as a mean to supply available nitrogen for upland rice growth. This research was conducted in Ciparanje Experimental Field and Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. In this research, Randomized Block Design was used to analyze two factors: urea dose (100% and 50%) and Nfixer bacteria in various carriers (individual carrier and combination of liquid inoculant, green compost, Azolla compost, rice bran). The result showed an interaction between two factors towards the grain weight of upland rice. The application of 100% urea dose showed higher result compared to 50% urea dose on grain weight. N fixer bacteria combined with compost, Azolla, and rice bran carrier gave the highest result on the number of tillers, chlorophyll content, and grain weight.

The use of compound inorganic fertilizers in plant cultivation systems is on the rise because of their practicality, more comprehensive and homogeneous nutrient availability, and potential to reduce production costs. Different combinations of compound fertilizer products can generate a variety of responses in terms of plant growth. The aim of this investigation was to assess how plants responded to the components of their results, specifically the variations in two distinct compositions of compound fertilizers. This investigation divided 60 experimental sites into two groups, each using two distinct types of compound fertilizers. The macronutrient content of the compound fertilizers (NK and NP), distinguished them. This study employed nine treatments, which included a control (without fertilizer treatment), conventional NPK fertilizer, a combination of NPK fertilizers (3/4, and 1) doses with (1/2, 3/4, 1 and 1) doses of compound fertilizer, and a randomized block design Each treatment was repeated three times. The results of this study suggest that the application of compound fertilizer with two distinct compositions has a substantially different effect than the control treatment. In comparison to compound fertilizers with a higher potassium content, which have a yield component value of RAE 134%, the application of compound fertilizers with a higher phosphorus content can provide a higher yield component value of RAE 127.92%. The function of applying potassium-containing nutrients can produce better outcomes for corn plant than those with higher phosforus content, making it an interesting study that should be investigated further in the future

The  aimed  of  this  research  was  to  find  out  the  level  of  agricultural  land  productivity  at  Raya SimalungunSubdistrict with Storie Index Method. This research had been done since March–May 2014 at Raya Simalungun Subdistrict. Sampling spot was done at the certain agricultural landused, slope, and types of soil. Land use types consist of dry land agriculture and plantation. The slopes consisted of land  with  vary  on  declivity;  2-15%,  15-25%,  25-40%  and  >40%,  meanwhile  the  soil’s  types  include Tropaquepts, Dystrandepts, Haplorthox, Tropudults, Hydrandepts. The result of agriculture land basedon several factors; dynamic factor of land such as drainage, erossion, pH, Electric Conductivity (EC) of soil layer, showed that the level of productivity of agricultural land in Raya Simalungun Subdistrict is Excellent  Quality,  Moderate,  Poor  and  Very  Poor.  The  most  extensive  land quality  is  at  Grade  3  orMedium quality is amounted to 21,109.85 Ha or 88.65% of the area of dry land agriculture. Area of productive dry  land  agriculture in Raya Simalungun Subdistrict is 22,059.40 Ha or 92,63% and  less productive land area is 1,754 Ha or 7.37 of area dry land agriculture. Key  words: Productivity  of agricultural  land,  storie index,  texture,  landuse,  drainage,  erossion,  pH, Electric   Conductivity (EC).

This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of BGA inoculant and N fertilizer on total-N of the soil, N uptake, N concentration and dry weight of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Inceptisols Jatinangor. This research was conducted in the green house of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang. The study used a randomized block design (RAK) factorial, with two treatment factors, namely N fertilizer (N) 4 levels of factors, namely; n1 = 0.326 g pot-1 urea, urea n2 = 0.652 g pot-1, n3 = 0.978 g pot-1 urea and urea n4 = 1.304 g pot-1. The second factor is the BGA inoculants (B) which consists of 3 levels of factors, namely; b0 = no inoculant BGA, b1 = 0.025 g inoculant BGA pot-1 and b2 = 0.05 g pot-1 inoculant BGA each repeated 3 times. The results showed there was an interaction between N fertilizer with Blue-green Algae inoculant on the increasing in dry weight of the canopy, but not the total-N content of the soil, N uptake, and N concentration of rice plants. N fertilizer and Blue-green algae inoculants affected the increaseing on total-N soil. Based on the increasing in dry weight of rice plant canopy, BGA inoculant application can save the use of fertilizer N half of a given dose of urea fertilizer

The concept of balanced fertilization application is appropriate for tomato plant cultivation. However, most farmers still apply inorganic fertilizers excessively, which negatively impacts the environment and plant productivity. Alternative efforts can be made to reduce the usage for inorganic fertilizers through effective plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) application. This research studied the characteristics of the PGPR inoculants effectiveness (Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonassp.) combined with NPK towards tomato in Lembang Andisol. The experimental design used was randomized block design, with three replications: A (Control), B (1 PGPR + 0 NPK), C (1 PGPR + NPK), D (1 PGPR + NPK), E (1 PGPR + NPK), F (1 PGPR + 1 NPK), G (1 PGPR + 1 NPK), H (2 PGPR + 1 NPK), I (0 PGPR + 1 NPK), J (½ PGPR +1 NPK). The results showed the treatments of C, F, and J resulted in higher total soil N content than the control treatment. Meanwhile, C and D treatment increased plant N uptake compared to control. Nitrogen uptake increased with the decrease of NPK dose application. All of the PGPR inoculation treatments with NPK combination did not increase Azotobacter sp. population and tomato yield. The yield of tomatoes per hectare showed that the PGPR inoculation at a dose of 3 l/ha (1 PGPR + NPK) increased yield by 28.7% compared to 1 NPK (150 kg/ha of Urea, 100 kg SP-36 and 50 kg/ha KCl) dose. Application of 3 l/ha of PGPR inoculant can save up to 75% of NPK usage

Land use conversion can affect characteristics of soil and also soil quality. The present study evaluate theimpact of land use conversion from pine forest to bush in tropical volcanic soils in Indonesia. We comparedtwo soil profiles from the same areas (uphill slope of Mt. Tangkuban Perahu) and analysed theirmorphological, physical, and chemical soil properties. Our study showed that there was a decrease in soilorganic carbon stock about 3.7% (382 ton C ha-1) after approximately 8-15 years of land conversion. Other physical and chemical soil properties, such as soil texture, bulk density, pH, exchangeable base and acidity,cation exchange capacity, and base saturation were relatively similar. This research provide insight intohow change in vegetation cover can affect carbon and nutrient dynamics as well as become a baseline tounderstand soil recovery potential if the land is restored to forest or bush in volcanic soils.

Soil quality test is needed to find out the influence of landuse change due to soil quality dan characteristics. This research aims to comparing various land use that influence the physical, chemical and biological soil on Andisol and Inceptisol, obtain information of soil quality at various land uses on Andisol and Inceptisol, and study the relationship between soil quality and erosion at various land use The study was conducted in Sub Sub watershed Hulu Cimanuk with an area of 16.171 hectares. The study was conducted on four different types of land use namely forest land, agriculture land, tea garden and mixed garden. The study was conducted with survey methods, descriptive and comparative. Erosion calculation using the RUSLE formula.Analysis of soil quality is calculated based on criteria Mausbach & Seybold (1998) and modified in accordance with the conditions of the study area. The results showed that each land use has a different effect on soils quality nor with erosion. Soil quality on forest land has higher value than other land use and erosion that occurs most low at 0.2 tonnes / ha / year. The use of dry land has the lowest value of soil erosion begitupula highest of 387 tonnes / ha / year.Key words: erosion, landuse change, soil quality, and watershed.

ABSTRACT Intensive inorganic may lead to land degradation, and can be amended with the aid of biofertilizers . This study was conducted to investigate the application of biofertilizer (phosphatesolubilizing mircrobes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria) and inorganic fertilizers on the growth of upland rice on Andisols. Randomized Block Design (RBD) in factorial pattern were used as experimental design, which consisted of  two factors with three replications. The first factor consisted of biofertilizer addition dosages: without biofertilizer, biofertilizer consortia 1 (Pseudomonas mallei, P. cepaceae, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp., Azotobacter  chroococum, Azospirillum sp.), biofertilizer consortia 2 (Azotobacter choroococum, A. viilandii, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas cepaceae, Penicillium and Acitenobacter) and the mixture of biofertizer consortia 1 and 2. The second factor were Nitrogen-Phosphate-Potassium fertilizer which consisted of four levels (100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of The Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture recommended dosage). The results showed that the application of  biofertilizer consortia increased the growth of upland rice and fertilizer efficiency on Andisols.  Keywords : Andisols, biofertilizers, NPK fertilizers, upland rice

This study aims to explain the influence of topographic attributes on soil texture classes using discriminant analysis. The topographic attributes considered in this study include elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), and Topographic Position Index (TPI). The research location is the Sub Citarik Watershed, Upper Citarum Watershed, located at an altitude of 780-1800 m above sea level. The type of soil at the research location is Inceptisols. The results of the study show that topographic characteristics have a significant influence on soil texture classes. The discriminant analysis used in this study successfully classified soil texture classes with a reasonably high accuracy ((86,11%), although there is some room for improvement. This model shows good potential as a tool for predicting soil texture classes based on topographic characteristics, which can be used in various applications, including soil management and land use planning. The conclusion of this study highlights the importance of considering topographic attributes in soil management research and practice. Further research is suggested to improve the accuracy of the model and explore the use of this model in different contexts.

Inceptisols is a soil order that usually low in organic matter and nutrient content. This condition resulted to dominantly sub optimal soil that is required to be amended prior cultivation process.Inceptisols properties can be enhanced through the addition of organic matter such as water hyacinthcompost, straw biochar, humic acid, and guano. Besides organic matter, the integration of NPKfertilizer can improve the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil, nutrient availability, andoptimize rice productivity in Inceptisols. This experiment aimed to identify the optimal dosage of soilamendments in combination with N, P, and K fertilizers to maximize phosphorus availability in the soiland plants, as well as rice yields in Inceptisols. This experiment took place from September 2025 toJanuary 2026 at the Soil Chemistry and Plant Nutrition Laboratory Experimental Garden, Faculty ofAgriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang. The experiment used a RandomizedComplete Block Design with six treatments and four replications, that is: control; recommended N, P,K; soil amendment; ½ soil amendment + ¾ dose of N, P, K; 1 soil amendments + ½ dose of N, P, K; 1 ½soil amendment + ¼ dose of N, P, K. One dose of soil amendment used was 8000 kg ha-1, while one doseof N, P, K fertilizer was 350 kg ha-1 Urea, 50 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 50 kg ha-1 KCl. The results of theexperiment showed that the dose of 1 soil amendment + ½ dose of N, P, K yielded a percentage of grainper panicle of up to 94.75% and provided the highest available P and P uptake by plants.

Ketidaksetaraan gender sudah menjadi isu yang lama tidak terpecahkan. Di seluruh penjuru dunia, baik di negara maju maupun berkembang masih mengalami permasalahan ketimpangan gender yang bermuara pada meningkatnya perilaku bersifat diskriminasi kepada kaum yang menjadi termarjinalkan akibat ketimpangan tersebut, yaitu khususnya pada kaum perempuan. Indonesia sendiri merupakan negara yang mendapatkan warisan budaya patriarki dari bangsa penjajah. Budaya ini masih meresap cukup kuat pada sebagian masyarakat Indonesia, di mana mereka mempercayai kendali tunggal laki-laki atas segala hal. Sehingga, tidak jarang kaum perempuan mendapatkan perlakuan yang tidak adil di masyarakat dalam berbagai bentuk. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pengumpulan data dengan studi pustaka. Melalui perspektif konflik dari pendekatan multidimensional yang digunakan untuk meninjau isu ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa budaya patriarki menjadi salah satu faktor besar dari banyaknya perlakuan diskriminatif kepada perempuan sampai saat ini dikarenakan susunan kekuasaan pada berbagai aspek nyatanya didominasi oleh kaum laki-laki.

Tujuan artikel ini untuk mendeskripsikan biaya ekonomi yang ditimbulkan akibat tindak kekerasan interpersonal terhadap perempuan. Kajian difokuskan pada tindak kekerasan dalam hubungan intim dalam konteks hubungan perkawinan dan di luar hubungan perkawinan. Kajian menggambarkan biaya-biaya yang bersifat langsung dan tidak langsung baik yang dikeluarkan dari sumber pribadi, sumber kelembagaan untuk pembiayaan pelayanan, beban ekonomi di tingkat individu dan keluarga serta negara. Kajian menggunakan analisa literatur secara sistematik dari sumber referensi internasional yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Kajian menunjukkan beban ekonomi yang besar yang harus  ditanggung untuk menangani kekerasan dalam hubungan intim terhadap perempuan. Beban ini semakin besar untuk masyarakat di negara-negara berkembang mengingat minimnya sumber-sumber ekonomi untuk membiayai penanganan tersebut. Kajian ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya upaya pencegahan tindak kekerasan untuk mengurangi biaya ekonomi suatu masyarakat.